Page 13 - TCS ICT Book 7

The City School 2021-2022

Relative Reference

Relative Reference is the cell reference. When you copy a cell that has a formula, the
formula changes automatically. The change depends on the relative position of rows
Data Handling
and columns. For example, type the contents of columns A and B below and in cell C2,
type =A2*B2. If you copy the formula A2*B2 to cell C3, it will become A3*B3.

Absolute Reference

An absolute reference is used when we want to keep a cell, a row or a column

constant when copying a formula. You have to declare it when you create the formula
by using the $ (dollar sign). This way you create an absolute reference which doesn’t

change when it’s copied or filled.

Syntax Description

$E$1 Cell reference will not update while copying or filling

$E1 Only the row reference will update and the column remains the
same

E$1 Only column reference will update and row remains same

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