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The reported research must be novel and authentic and the so that a decision on the appropriate corrections, clarifi-
authors should confirm that the same data has not been cations, or retractions can be made. The publisher agrees
and is not going to be submitted to another journal (unless to publish this as necessary so as to maintain the integrity
already rejected). Statements made in the introduction and of the academic record.
discussion should be supported by appropriate references,
and sufficient experimental detail should be provided to Protection for Research Participants
allow for repetition of the study by another group. Plagia-
rism of the text/data will not be tolerated and could result These policies are in accordance with the recommenda-
tions of The International Committee of Medical Journal
in retraction of an accepted article. Any text or figures Editors (ICMJE)
reproduced for another source require the permission of
the original copyright holders (normally the publishers). n Humans

Any manipulation of figures should be equally applied and 1. If experiments or research reported in the article in-
described in the text (including pseudocoloring) and must volve human subjects, the authors must indicate if
not change the meaning of the figure. their procedures were approved by an Institutional
Review Board, ethics committee, or similar reg-
When humans, animals, or tissue derived from them have
been used, then mention of the appropriate ethical approval ulatory oversight committee. If a review board
or committee is not available, the authors
must be included in the manuscript.
should indicate that their procedures are in accor-
Reviewer responsibilities: Reviewers are expected to dance with the Helsinki Declaration as revised in 2013.
not possess any conflicts of interest with the authors and
research. They should review the science objectively and 3. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a statement
provide recommendations for improvements where nec- that the informed consent of research participants
essary. When aware of relevant published work not being was obtained prior to participation or that documen-
cited, the reviewers should recommend inclusion of these tation of informed consent was waived by the Insti-
references. If the reviewer feels that they would be unable tutional Review Board, ethics committee, or similar
to repeat the study as described, then additional meth- regulatory oversight committee.
odological details should be requested. Any unpublished
information read by a reviewer should be treated as con- If images or other identifying information is included in
fidential. the manuscript, explicit written informed consent of the
individual/patient must be obtained and included with your
Editorial responsibilities: The editors will select an appro- submission. Measures to protect the confidentiality of the
priate number of reviewers for the manuscript so that they individual(s) should also be employed. If consent cannot
can make an informed decision about whether to reject/ be obtained, you are encouraged to contact the editor for
accept a manuscript. Their decision must be based only on further guidance.
the paper’s importance, originality, clarity, and suitability
for the journal. They must not have a conflict of interest n Animals
with the authors or work described. The anonymity of the If experiments or research reported in the article involve
reviewers must be maintained.
animals, the authors must indicate if their procedures were
Should problems come to light after acceptance, then the performed in accordance with the U.S. Public Health Ser-
editors agree to promote the publication of corrections vice’s (PHS) Policy on Human Care and Use of Laboratory
and/or retractions as deemed necessary. Animals and the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory
Animals and were approved by appropriate institutional
Publishing responsibilities: The publisher agrees to ensure review committee(s).
that, to the best of their abilities, the information that they
publish is genuine and ethically sound. If publishing ethics Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts if there is
issues come to light, not limited to accusations of fraud- doubt that appropriate ethical standards have not been met
ulent data or plagiarism, during or after the publication in research involving human and animal subjects or if there
process, they will be investigated by the editorial board, is reason to suspect research misconduct.
including contact with the author’s institution if necessary