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422                                   NIJHAWAN








                       Research           Commercialization      Industry
                                           Readiness Level
                                                                  or VC
                                           Continuous
                                          Improvement              Collisions
                                           ❑  Mentoring          ❑  New Venture
                                           ❑  GAP Funding          Accelerator
                                                                 ❑  Industry Pull
                ■   Commercialization Readiness Level (CRL)
                   ■   Every invention is rated for Commercialization Readiness
                   ■   The goal of Tech Transfer Office is to improve the CRL score of every invention by collaborating
                     and supporting faculty
                     ■  Catalysts to mentor
                      ■  GAP funding
                      ■  Attract non-dilutive funding
                         ■   Industry SRA
                         ■  SBIR/STTR
                         ■  Foundations
                ■   Dashboards create transparency
                   ■   Faculty, department, school

                ■   Tech Transfer office creates collisions
                   ■  Industry
                         ■  As an invention’s CRL increases, industry will “pull” the invention in as a license
                   ■  New venture ecosystem
                         ■  NV Accelerator to improve CRL and make collisions with entrepreneurs and venture capital

         Figure 4: TTO process management utilizing a commercialization readiness level.



         are jointly owned with other academic institu-  3.  [NSF] National Science Foundation. Survey of
         tions. The complexity of licensing such inven-   federal funds for research and development fiscal
         tions increases exponentially with the number    years 2014–16. Arlington (VA): National Science
         of institutions involved. Develop a mechanism    Foundation. [accessed 2017 May 15]. https://
         that expands on the Massachusetts Association    ncsesdata.nsf.gov/fedfunds/2014/.
         of Technology Transfer Officers’ Joint Inven-  4.  [NCES] National Center for Education Statistics.
         tion Innovation Agreement to accelerate licens-   Endowments. Washington (DC): U.S. Depart-
         ing of jointly-owned patents (15).          ment of Education. [accessed 2017 May 15].
                                                     https://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display. asp? id=73.
      REFERENCES                                  5.  Sherlock MF, Gravelle JG, Crandall-Hollick ML,
      1.  Parker G, Van Alstyne M, Choudhary SP. Plat-  Stupack JM. College and university endowments:
          form revolution. New York (NY): W.W. Norton   overview and tax policy options. Washington
          & Company; 2016.                           (DC): Congressional Research Service; 2017.
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