Page 171 - Health, Population and Environment Education 9

ecosystem is adversely affected. Plants, animals, birds, insects, etc. have adverse impacts
for their reproduction, life cycle, food chain and survival.

Causes of land pollution
There are various causes of land pollution. Some of them are as follows:
a. Random disposal of wastes from settlement
areas and markets on land causes land
pollution.

b. Random disposal of wastes from industries and
factories on land leads towards land pollution.

c. Deposition of non-biodegradable wastes like
glasses, metal, plastics, etc. on land leads
towards land pollution. Fig: 20
d. Random use of chemical fertilizers on land Liquid wastes from industries
increases land pollution.
e. Random discharge of vehicles’ parts, laboratory wastes, hospital wastes, etc. on land
causes land pollution.
f. Excessive mining of mineral resources leads towards land pollution.
g. Discharge of liquid wastes from the industries and factories on land increases land
pollution.

Effects of land pollution
Land pollution seriously affects terrestrial ecosystem. Human beings including other
living beings face several problems due to land pollution. There are many health hazards
on human beings and other living beings. Some of the effects of land pollution are as
follows:
a. Random disposal of wastes and garbages attracts germs and insects which spreads
different diseases like diarrhoea, dysentery, typhoid, malaria, encephalitis, dengue,
etc.

b. It spreads bad smell in the surroundings and reduces the beauty of environment.
c. It makes the surrounding unhealthy.
d. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers on land decreases the fertility of soil and hence
reduces food production.
e. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers can cause several diseases to human beings,
animals and birds.
f. It affects food chain, life cycle and reproduction process of living beings on land.
h. It causes air pollution and water pollution.

GREEN Environment Population and Health Education Book-9 171