Page 40 - Health, Population and Environment Education 9

migrate. It affects a lot in both the places in many ways. Various aspects of development
are seriously affected by it. It is seen that people from rural areas migrate to urban areas
and from urban areas to abroad. When people migrate from a place, there is scarcity
of manpower in many sectors which directly affects the economy of that place. When
people migrate in a place, more resources are utilized and many environmental problems
are seen. Moreover, there is serious impact on available facilities and social sectors are
seriously affected. The government has to face various challenges in many sectors with
the migration. Some major aspects affected by migration are described below:
a. Economic aspects

When people migrate from one place to another, there is increase of population in the
place where people migrate but there is scarcity of skilled manpower and laborers in the
place from where people migrate. As a result, there is decrease of manpower in the
industries, factories, agricultural land as well as for conduction of development works.
Decrease in manpower leads towards decrease of production in industries, reduction in
agricultural production as well as slow and ineffective conduction of development works.
Due to less industrial and agricultural production, country has to import the required
things from abroad. As a result, there is serious impact on the economic condition of
entire nation. Even the country is not developed with less conduction of development
works.
Migration increases the number of people in a
place. There is increase of unemployment rate
in a place because all the increased population
do not get job opportunities. Moreover, there
is competition between migrants and the local
people for jobs. Generally, the immigrants are
skilled manpower like carpenters, masons,
welders, electricians, jewelery makers, crafter,
barbers, tailors, plumbers, etc. Those skilled Fig: 26
people work even in low wages which the local
people cannot do. Ultimately, the local people are replaced by them. Above all, they send
the profits, salary and wages to their country which adversely affects the economy of the
host nation.

b. Environmental aspects
Migration has serious impact on environmental aspects. It leads towards increase of
population pressure in a place. There is massive utilization of the resources like forest,
water, soil, minerals, etc. People randomly destroy forest to extend the settlement
areas, cultivable land, to achieve fuel and food and fodder for animals. Destruction of
forest causes either limitation or clearance of habitat of wildlife. People randomly and
excessively utilize chemical fertilizers on land in the hope of producing more food so
as to fulfill the increased demand. Even there is increase of unplanned urbanization
and industrialization. People discharge the wastes from settlement areas and markets
on land. Moreover, the sewage and drainage from industries and settlement areas are
directly joined in water resources. As a result of all of them, there is increase of scarcity of
under ground water, spreading of diseases, rareness of living beings, occurrence of flood,
40 GREEN Environment Population and Health Education Book-9