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Lesson Types of a Society
1.2

FACTS We’re blaming 'society’, yet we are the member
to Understand of a society. So to make it a better place we must
change ourselves first.

A society has passed through various stages of development from primitive society
to modern society. The development process is slow and gradual. According to many
sociologists and anthropologists, society is classified on the basis of condition, bases of
livelihood, culture or level of a society.

A society can be categorized, based on its economic progress, political and organizational
development, comparative development between urban and rural areas, development
in science and technology, quality life, norms and values, behaviours, etc. English
Anthropologist Sir Edward Burnett Taylor classified society into three stages:
(a) Hunting and Gathering Stage (b) Barbaric Stage (c) Civilized Stage
Karl Marx divided society on the basis of mode of production.

(a) Primitive Society (b) Slavery Society (c) Feudal Society
(d) Capitalist Society and (e) Socialist Society

In this way many Anthropologists and Sociologists have categorised society on the
basis of different aspects. There are six types of a society widely accepted by the
sociologists and anthropologists. They are as follows:

Based on Economy : Capitalist Society, Mixed Society and Socialist Society.
Based on Language : Unilingual Society, Bilingual Society and Multilingual
Society
Based on Settlement : Rural Society and Urban Society
Based on Religion : Hindu Society, Buddhist Society, Muslim Society,
Christian Society, Sikh Society, etc.
Based on Time : Ancient Society, Medieval Society and Modern Society
Based on Mode of Life : Hunting and Gathering Society, Pastoral Society,
Horticultural Society, Agrarian Society and Industrial
Society.
In this chapter you will learn about the society based on mode of life in details and the
technologies used by humans in development process:
1. Hunting and Gathering Society

This society is considered as the first stage of human development towards the
social life. The staple food of human in this society was raw meat of wild animals,
fruits, roots, nuts, etc. hunted and collected from forest. They were barbaric and
uncultured. There was no permanent settlement. Thus, they were nomads. Humans
11 Dynamic Social Studies - Book IX