Page 115 - 9 teachers social book 9 @ 2077 ctp_Neat

Caste and occupation based discrimination are highly influenced in the Terai
and the hills.
Baadi Pratha, Chhaupadi Pratha, Haliya Pratha, Kamaiya Pratha (bonded
labours) are still in existence in the far-western and mid-western parts of Nepal.
Jhuma Pratha and polyandry are in existence in the Eastern Himalayan Region.
Child labour, domestic violence, etc. are in existence in urban areas.

2. Language-based Problems

Nepali language is the national language. It is spoken by the majority of the
Nepalese people. Nepal is a multi-lingual country. According to the CBS 2011, there
are 123 different languages, spoken in the country. Language-related problems have
been existing in our country due to the policy of the state in promoting mainly Nepali
language as a means of communication and symbol of nationalism. The languages
of the nation are given less consideration by the state. Some of the language based
problems are given below:
Arts, architectures, scripts, dialects are on the verge of extinction due to less
priority given to regional languages by the state.
People unable to speak the second language are frequently insulted.
The person unable to speak Nepali language is badly humiliated.
Due to language problem many ethnic groups are unable to participate in public
service selection examinations.
3. Gender-based Problems

There is domination of male over female in our societies. The third gender is
accepted legally but for social acceptance it takes time. Still in Nepalese society,
males have sole power in making decision holding property and attending social
gathering, political activities whereas women are deprived of the major activities.
Majority of women in Nepal are engaged in household activities and those who try to
work outside home the work load is double. They work in office and need to take care
of children, do all the household work. Some of the gender-based problems are given
below:

Females are given less priority in education.
Females are discouraged from attending political activities, public meeting,
decision making and choosing their own lifestyle.
Females are discouraged from working outside the house.
The reproductive rights are guaranteed by the constitution, but still it is not in
practice in many societies.
Domestic violence, women exploitation is prevalent even in an educated family.

4. Class-based Problems

There is a huge gap between the rich and the poor in Nepal due to unequal
distribution of land and other resources. The rich have become richer and the poor are
115 Dynamic Social Studies - Book IX