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The Desert Region

There are many deserts lie in this region like the Gobi, the Thar and the Rub' al Khali
scattered in various parts. There is the Gobi desert between Mongolia and China. The
Thar Desert lies to the north-west India and south of Pakistan.

Rub' al Khali is a unique desert in the Arabian Peninsula consisting of the world’s
largest sea-sand as the Sahara Desert of Africa. This desert is practically uninhabitable.
It is known as “Empty Quarter” Bedoun tribe settle in its margins with primitive way
of living.

The Great River Valley

Asia is known for the many large rivers that rise from high mountains. The valleys
are deposited with alluvial soils it makes the land fertile. Lake Baikal in the southern
rd
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Siberia is the world’s 3 deepest fresh water lake (1743 m). The world’s 3 longest
river (6380 km) and the longest in Asia is the river Yangtze.
The Euphrates and the Tigris Rivers originate from Turkey and flow through Syria
and Iran into the Persian Gulf, the gulf between these two rivers. Ancient Mesopotapia
but modern Iraq, was the centre of the large and important river valley of this region.
The great river valleys are the ones made by the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Indus, the
Brahmaputra, the Ganga, the Yangtse, the Menam and the Hwang-Ho valley.

The South Eastern Chains

To the east and south-east of mainland of Asia lies a chain of islands. These groups
of island are also known as the Archipelago of Asia. The island of this region includes
the Japanese island, the islands of Philippines, Indonesia, etc. There is tropical and
temperate monsoon climate in this region.

Climate and Vegetation

Asia has varied landforms: it has resulted into diversified climate and vegetation.
In fact, it has almost all types of climate found in the world. It has diverse climatic
region. Some are coldest, hottest, driest, wettest places of the earth. The climate
ranges from hot in west equatorial region to very cold Tundra region, the Tropical
monsoon to tropical desert and so on. The dominant vegetation is highly dominant in
Asia. The monsoon deciduous forest and extensive grassland areas such as Stepps.
In addition, the mountainous region and the northern part have been occupied with
coniferous forest, desert have poor vegetation with thorny bushes, scrubs and other
plants. The higher Himalayas in extreme north too have poor vegetation limiting with
mosses, lichens, flowering plants and so on.

Dynamic Social Studies - Book IX 222