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Lesson
8.13 Labour

FACTS “Labour is the first price, the original purchase-
to Understand money that was paid for all things. It was not by
gold or by silver, but by labour that all wealth of the
world was originally purchased.”
- Adam Smith

A person who gives effort physically or mentally to earn money or to complete any
tasks is called labour. The aggregate of all human physical and mental effort used in
creation of goods and services is called labour. Labour is a primary factor of production.
The size of a nation’s labour force is determined by the size of its adult population and
the event to which the adults are either working or are prepared to offer their labour
for wages.

As the labour is concerned with workers, it has been defined in the Labour Act 2048
as 'worker means a person employed on the basis of remuneration to work in any
building, premises, machinery or any part there of used for any production process or
providing service or any act relating to such work or for any unscheduled work and this
expression also includes any worker working at piece-rate, contract or agreement.”

“Labour is prior to and independent of capital. Capital is only the fruit of labour.”
- Abraham Lincoln

Types of Labour

Labour can be classified on different
bases. On the basis of productivity it is
divided into the following categories:

1. Productive and
Unproductive Labour

The labour which is socially
and legally acceptable is productive
labour. Such productive labour is
categorized on the basis of effort of the
body. If a labour is done to harm the
society or if it is not legally acceptable,
it is called unproductive labour, productive labour
e.g. robbery, smuggling, bribery, etc.

Dynamic Social Studies - Book IX 322