Page 162 - Health, Population and Environment Education 10

i. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
It occurs when pancreas cannot secrete enough insulin. Its cause is unknown.

ii. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
It begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond insulin properly.
As the disease progresses a lack of insulin may also develop. The major cause of type 2
diabetes is excessive body weight and lack of physical exercise.

iii. Gestational Diabetes
It occurs after 40 years. However, many people suffer from diabetes before the age of
40 years. In our body, pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin which regulates the
conversion of extra glucose in the form of glycogen. When the secretion of insulin
decreases extra glucose cannot be converted into glycogen. As a result, the amount of
sugar increases in blood and urine. This condition is commonly known as diabetes or
sugar disease.
Do You Know
• As of 2015, an estimated 415 million people
had diabetes worldwide with type 2 diabetes
making up about 90% of the cases.
• Diabetes at least doubles a person’s risk of early
death.
• From 2012 to 2015 AD, 1.5 million to 5 million
deaths each year resulted from diabetes.
Fig: 17 Obesity causes diabetes

Major Symptoms of Diabetes
1. Frequent urination
2. Extreme thirst
3. Extreme hunger
4. Increased amount of sugar in blood and urine
5. Weakness

6. Delay in wound healing
7. Fatigue
8. Tiredness and lethargy
9. Ulcers in feet
10. Blurry vision
11. Itchy skin
12. Prolonged diabetes may damage the eyes, kidneys and nerves

162 GREEN Health, Population and Environment Education Book-10