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type of transport. This is cheaper, flexible and convenient mode of transportation.
Motorcycles, cars, buses, trucks, tractors, lorry, etc. are the means of road transport.
Road transport helps for quicker and door-to-door services. Convenience,
economical, flexibility are the advantages of road transport whereas less safety,
irregularity, not suitable for long distance are the demerits of it.
ii. Railway transport: The movement of things and people from one place to another
by trains is called railway transport. It is another mode of land transport. It is
mostly used for loading goods, human beings and animals. It helps in transporting
heavy goods of industry. It is also used for loading heavy vehicle, big factory
machine, coal, food grain, etc. It is also used for long distance. Economy, reliability,
regularity, speed and suitable to carry bulk amount are merits but less flexibility,
large investment and monopoly are the demerits of railway transport.
iii. Water transport: The movement of things and people from one place to another
through water is called water transport. It is very unique compared to road and
railway. Water transport can be operated inland (river, lake, canal, etc.) and sea,
ocean, etc. Small boats, steamers, etc. are used in inland while large ships are
used in sea and ocean. Inland water transport is mostly used for entertainment
and minor uses while sea and ocean transport are used for loading heavy
equipment and professional use. It helps in international trade. Suitable for
heavy cargoes, economy, safety, global use are merits but low speed, uncertainty
and not suitable for perishable goods are its demerits.
iv. Air transport: The movement of passengers and cargo by aircraft such as aeroplanes,
helicopters, jet planes, etc is called air transport. It is one of the important modes
of transport. It can be done by aeroplane, helicopter, jet planes, etc. Nowadays, air
transportation has become the primary means of common-carrier traveling. It is the
quickest mode of transport. High speed, suitable for perishable goods, regularity
and reliability, best in emergency, safety are its strong points and high cost, limited
capacity, less flexibility are weakness of air transport.
EXERCISE
Give very short answer to the following questions.
1. Write the name of four office resources and explain any one.
2. What are the two types of communication?
3. Name any two means of communication.
4. Write any three durable materials.
5. What does administrative manpower mean?
6. What is meant by barriers to communication?
Give short answer to the following questions.
1. What are office resources? Write its four necessities.
2. Explain the office resources in short.
3. Define communication. Explain any four means of communication
4. What is communication? Explain the types of communication.

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