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CHAPTER 17 Sister Callista Roy 321

adaptation level. A person’s adaptation level may be time. The basic need of the self-concept mode is psy-
integrated, compensatory, or compromised. chic or spiritual integrity. The self-concept is a com-
Coping mechanisms refer to innate or acquired posite belief about self that is formed from internal
processes that a person uses to deal with environmen- perceptions and the perceptions of others. The self-
tal stimuli. Coping mechanisms may be categorized concept mode is composed of the physical self (body
broadly as the regulator or cognator subsystem. The sensation and body image) and the personal self (self-
regulator subsystem responds automatically through consistency, self-ideal, and the moral-ethical-spiritual
innate neural, chemical, and endocrine coping pro- self). The role function mode refers to the primary,
cesses. The cognator subsystem responds through secondary, and tertiary roles a person performs in
innate and acquired cognitive-emotive processes that society.
include perceptual and information processing, learn- The basic need of the role function adaptive mode
ing, judgment, and emotion. is social integrity or for one to know how to behave and
Behaviors that manifest adaptation can be observed what is expected of him or her in society. The interde-
in four adaptive modes. The physiological mode refers pendence adaptive mode refers to relationships
to the person’s physical responses to the environment, among people. The basic need of the interdependence
and the underlying need is physiological integrity. adaptive mode is social integrity or to give and receive
The self-concept mode refers to a person’s thoughts, love, respect, and value from significant others and
beliefs, or feelings about himself or herself at any given social support systems (Table 17–1).

TABLE 17-1 Overview of the Adaptive Modes
Subsystem Adaptive Mode Coping Need
Regulator Physiological Oxygenation: To maintain appropriate oxygenation
Neural Chemical The physiological adaptive mode refers through ventilation, gas exchange, and gas transport
Endocrine to the way a person, as a physical Nutrition: To maintain function, to promote growth,
being, responds to and interacts with and to replace tissue through ingestion and
the internal and external environment assimilation of food
Basic need: Physiological integrity Elimination: To excrete metabolic wastes primarily
through the intestines and kidney
Activity and rest: To maintain balance between
physical activity and rest
Protection: To defend the body against infection,
trauma, and temperature changes primarily by
way of integumentary structures and innate and
acquired immunity
Senses: To enable persons to interact with their
environment by sight, hearing, touch, taste,
and smell
Fluid and electrolyte and acid-base balance:
To maintain homeostatic fluid, electrolyte,
and acid-base balance to promote cellular,
extracellular, and systemic function
Neurological function: To coordinate and control
body movements, consciousness, and
cognitive-emotional processes
Endocrine function: To integrate and coordinate
body functions
Continued