Page 378 - alligood 8th edition_Neat

CHAPTER 19 Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer 359

The latter book illustrates how caring grounds the clinical situations that arise in practice and health care
development of a nursing program by creating the ethics education in clinical and education settings. She is
environment for study through evaluation. In addi- Professor of Nursing at University of Mississippi Medical
tion to these books, Dr. Boykin is editor of Power, Center School of Nursing in Jackson and Adjunct
Politics and Public Policy: A Matter of Caring (1995) Professor at the Florida Atlantic University College of
and coeditor (along with Gaut) of Caring as Healing: Nursing, Boca Raton. Dr. Schoenhofer is committed to
Renewal Through Hope (1994). She has written the study of nursing as caring.
numerous book chapters and articles and serves as
a consultant locally, regionally, nationally, and inter-
nationally on the topic of caring. Theoretical Sources
The Theory of Nursing as Caring was borne out of
Savina O. Schoenhofer the early curriculum development work at Florida
Savina Schoenhofer was born the second child and Atlantic University College of Nursing. Anne Boykin
eldest daughter in a family of nine children and spent and Savina Schoenhofer were among the faculty
her formative years on the family cattle ranch in Kansas. group revising the caring-based curriculum. When
She is named for her maternal grandfather, who was a the revised curriculum was instituted, each recog-
classical musician in Kansas City, Missouri. She has a nized the importance and human necessity of con-
daughter, Carrie, and a granddaughter, Emma. tinuing to develop ideas toward a comprehensive
During the 1960s, Schoenhofer spent 3 years in the conceptual framework that expressed the meaning
Amazon region of Brazil, working as a volunteer in com- and purpose of nursing as a discipline and as a profes-
munity development. Her initial nursing degree was sion. The point of departure from traditional thought
completed at Wichita State University, where she also was the acceptance that caring is the end rather than
earned graduate degrees in nursing, psychology, and the means of nursing, and the intention of nursing
counseling. She completed a PhD in educational foun- rather than merely its instrument. This work led
dations and administration at Kansas State University in Boykin and Schoenhofer to conceptualize the focus of
1983. In 1990, Schoenhofer co-founded Nightingale nursing as “nurturing persons living caring and grow-
Songs, an early venue for communicating the beauty ing in caring” (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 1993, p. 22).
of nursing in poetry and prose. An early study made it Further work to identify foundational assumptions
apparent to Schoenhofer that caring was the service that about nursing clarified the idea of the nursing situation
patients overwhelmingly recognized. In addition to her as a shared lived experience in which the “caring
work on caring, including co-authorship with Boykin of between” (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 1993, p. 26) enhances
Nursing as Caring: A Model for Transforming Practice personhood. Personhood is illuminated as living
(1993, 2001a), Schoenhofer has written numerous arti- grounded in caring. The clarified notions of nursing
cles on nursing values, primary care, nursing education, situation and focus of nursing bring to life the meaning
support, touch, and mentoring. of the assumptions underlying the theory and permit
Schoenhofer’s career in nursing has been influ- the practical understanding of nursing as both a disci-
enced significantly by three colleagues: Lt. Col. Ann pline and a profession. As critique and refinement of the
Ashjian (Ret.), whose community nursing practice theory and study of nursing situations progressed, the
in Brazil presented an inspiring model of nursing; notion of nursing as being primarily concerned with
Marilyn E. Parker, PhD, a faculty colleague who health was seen as limiting. Boykin and Schoenhofer
mentored her in the idea of nursing as a discipline, now propose that nursing is concerned with the broad
the academic role of higher education, and the world spectrum of human living.
of nursing theories and theorists; and Anne Boykin, Three bodies of work significantly influenced the
PhD, who introduced her to caring as a substantive initial development of the theory. Paterson and Zderad’s
field of study in nursing. (1988) existential phenomenological theory of human-
Dr. Schoenhofer serves on the Ethics Advisory Com- istic nursing, viewed by Boykin and Schoenhofer as the
mittee at the University of Mississippi Medical Center, historical antecedent of Nursing as Caring, was the
where she consults and advises on questions of ethics in source for such germinal ideas as “the between,” “call for