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CHAPTER 19 Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer 361

MAJOR CONCEPTS & DEFINITIONS—cont’d
Schoenhofer, 2006). The nursing situation is the is on what is meaningful for the one being nursed.
locus of all that is known and done in nursing Invitations to share what matters, such as “How
(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001a) and is conceptual- might I nurse you in ways that are meaningful to
ized as “the shared, lived experience in which caring you?” or “What truly matters most to you at this
between nurse and nursed enhances personhood” moment?” are communicated in the personal lan-
(Boykin & Schoenhofer, 1993, p. 33). The nursing guage of the nurse. The power of the direct invita-
situation is what is present in the mind of the nurse tion reaches deep into the humility of the nursing
whenever the intent of the nurse is “to nurse” (Boykin situation, uniting and guiding the intention of both
& Schoenhofer, 2001a). It is within the nursing situ- the nurse and the one nursed. These uniquely
ation that the nurse attends to calls for caring or expressed invitations of caring call forth responses of
reaching out of the one nursed. The practice of nurs- mutual valuing in the beauty of the caring between.
ing and the practical knowledge of nursing are situ-
ated in a relational locus of the person being nursed Call for Nursing
with the person nursing in the nursing situation. The Calls for nursing are calls for nurturance perceived
nursing situation involves an expression of values, in the mind of the nurse (Boykin & Schoenhofer,
intentions, and actions of two or more persons 2001a, 2001b). Intentionality (Schoenhofer, 2002a)
choosing to live a nursing relationship. In this lived and authentic presence open the nurse to hearing
relationship, all knowledge of nursing is created and calls for nursing. The nurse responds uniquely to the
understood (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2006). one nursed with a deliberately developed knowledge
of what it means to be human, acknowledging and
Personhood affirming the person living caring in unique ways in
Personhood is a process of living that is grounded the immediate situation (Boykin & Schoenhofer,
in caring. Personhoodimplies being who we are as 1993). Because calls for nursing are uniquely situated
authentic caring persons and being open to unfold- personal expressions, they cannot be predicted, but
ing possibilities for caring. We are constantly living originate within persons who are living caring in
out the meaning of our caring from moment to mo- their lives and who hold hopes and aspirations for
ment. Within the nursing situation, the shared lived growing in caring. “Calls for nursing are individually
experience of caring within enhances personhood, relevant ways of saying ‘Know me as caring person in
and both the nurse and the nursed grow in caring. the moment and be with me as I try to live fully who
In the intimacy of caring, respect for self as person I truly am”’ (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2006, p. 336).
and respect for other are values that affirm person-
hood. “A profound understanding of personhood Caring Between
communicates the paradox of person-as-person and When the nurse enters the world of the other person
person-in-communion all at once” (Boykin & with the intention of knowing the other as a caring
Schoenhofer, 2006, p. 336). person, the encountering of the nurse and the one
nursed gives rise to the phenomenon of caring
Direct Invitation between, within which personhood is nurtured
Within the nursing situation, the direct invitation (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001a). Through presence
opens the relationship to true caring between the and intentionality, the nurse comes to know the other,
nurse and the one nursed. The direct invitation of living and growing in caring. Constant and mutual
the nurse offers the opportunity to the one nursed to unfolding enhances this loving relation. Without the
share what truly matters in the moment. With the caring between the nurse and the nursed, unidirec-
intention of truly coming to know the one nursed, tional activity or reciprocal exchange can occur,
the nurse risks entering the other’s world and comes but nursing in its fullest sense does not occur. It is
to know what is meaningful to him or her. The focus in the context of caring between that personhood is

Continued