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CHAPTER 19 Anne Boykin and Savina O. Schoenhofer 365

nursing situation: “freedom to be, freedom to choose,
Logical Form and freedom to unfold” (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001a,
The theory is presented in logical form grounded in p. 23). Honoring caring values in explicit ways reaf-
nursing as a discipline of knowledge and a profession, firms the substance of nursing and refreshes the caring
and in general assumptions related to persons as car- intention of the nurse. Through the sharing of story,
ing in nursing. The theory is a broad-based, general new possibilities arise for living nursing as caring.
theory of nursing rendered in everyday language.
Mayeroff’s (1971) work, On Caring, and Roach’s Nursing Service Administration
(1987) “5 C’s” provided language that illuminated the In living Nursing as Caring, the nursing administra-
practical meaning of caring in nursing situations. tor makes decisions through a lens in which activities
Key concepts of caring, nursing, intention, nursing are infused with a concern for shaping a transforma-
situation, direct invitation, call for nursing as caring, tive culture that embodies the fundamental values
caring between, and nursing response are described as expressed within nursing as caring. All activities of
general assumptions, and interrelated meanings are the nursing administrator must be connected to the
illustrated in the model of the dance of caring per- direct work of nursing and be “ultimately directed to
sons. The direct invitation, introduced in the 2001 the person(s) being nursed” (Boykin & Schoenhofer,
edition of Nursing as Caring: A Model for Transform- 2001a, p. 33). These activities include creating, main-
ing Practice, is an elaboration of the nursing situation taining, and supporting an environment open to
and further clarifies the role of the nurse in initiating hearing calls for nursing and to providing nurturing
and sustaining caring responses. Story as a method responses.
for knowing focuses on nursing situations as the locus Boykin and Schoenhofer (2001a) point out that
for nursing knowledge as a fluid and logical extension contrary to the perception of nurse administrators
of the framework. being removed from the direct care of the nursed,
they are able to directly or indirectly enter the world
Acceptance by the Nursing Community of the nursed, respond uniquely, and assist the nurse
in securing resources to nurture persons as they live
Practice and grow in caring. The nursing administrator is also
Nursing is a way of living caring in the world and is able to enter the world of the nursed indirectly,
revealed in personal patterns of caring. Foundations through the stories of colleagues in other roles. Other
for practice of the Theory of Nursing as Caring activities of the nursing administrator within the
become illumined when the nurse comes to know self interdisciplinary environment of the organization
as caring person “in ever deepening and broadening include facilitating understanding and clarity of the
dimensions” (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001a, p. 23). focus of nursing and informing other members of the
Practicing nursing within this framework requires the interdisciplinary health care team of the unique con-
acknowledgment that knowing self as caring matters tributions of nurses. Sharing the depth of nursing
and is integral to knowing others as caring. This is with others through nursing situations illuminates
especially important in light of practice environments meanings and allows for fluid reciprocity among
that depersonalize and support the notion of the colleagues.
nurse as an instrument and a means to an end. Rather The work of the nurse administrator must also
than nursing practice focused on activities, the lens reflect the uniqueness of the discipline so that nursing
for practice becomes the intention to know and nur- is being reflected, portraying respect for persons as
ture the person as caring. Often, realization of the self caring and extending through mission statements,
as caring person does not occur until the nurse goals, objectives, standards of practice, policies, and
articulates and shares the story of the caring transpir- procedures (Boykin & Schoenhofer, 2001a). The fol-
ing in the nursing situation. When reflecting upon lowing story was related by Nancy Hilton, MSN, RN,
their caring, nurses describe “Aha!” moments, signal Chief Nursing Officer, at a Florida hospital. This
realizations of self as always having been caring, and nurse administrator, practicing from the perspective
rediscover freedom in caring possibilities within the of Nursing as Caring, reflects the complexity and