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Grammar Reference Unit 5

Present simple Adverbs of frequency
100%
Affirmative Negative always
I live in London. I don’t live in London. usually
You live in London. You don’t live in London. often
He lives in London. He doesn’t live in London. sometimes
She lives in London. She doesn’t live in London. not often / occasionally
We live in London. We don’t live in London. hardly ever / rarely
They live in London. They don’t live in London.
never
Questions Short answers 0%
Do I live in London? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. We use adverbs of frequency to talk about how often we do
Do you live in London? Yes, you do. / No, you don’t
things.
Does he live in London? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. I always have a cup of tea for breakfast.
Does she live in London? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. It doesn’t often rain in summer.
Do we live in London? Yes, we do. / No, we don’t. My best friend is usually late for school.
Do they live in London? Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
We usually put adverbs of frequency before the main verb in
SPELLING RULES -s / -es the present simple. But with be, we put them after the verb.
In the third person singular, (he, she and it) we add -s or -es. We never go to bed early on Fridays.
● We add -es if the verb ends in -ch, -sh, -s, -z or -x: My brother is hardly ever at home at the weekends.
he watches she kisses
● If the verb ends in a consonant + -y, the ending is -ies: We can also use usually, often, sometimes and occasionally at
the start of a sentence.
he studies she flies Sometimes I go for a walk by the river.
● We add -es for go and do: he goes she does
Occasionally we get a Chinese takeaway for dinner.
The negative forms don’t and doesn’t are contractions of do can / can’t
not and does not. We usually use the contractions.
Affirmative Negative
We use the present simple to talk about regular actions, such
as habits and routines. I can cook. I can’t cook.
I get up at eight o’clock. Questions Short answers
My sister doesn’t go to school by train.
Can you cook? Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
We also use the present simple to describe permanent Can has the same form for all subjects – I, you, he, she, it, we
situations, facts and attitudes. and they.
We don’t live in a house. We live in a flat.
My dad comes from Ecuador. Can’t is a contraction of cannot. We usually use the
I don’t like football. I prefer tennis. contraction.

We use can to talk about abilities.
I can speak French. I can’t play the guitar.

We also use can to talk about things it’s possible to do.
We can go home now. You can’t enter this room.

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