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math-hab. He studied hadeeth sciences extensively and became independent of
his math-hab. In his tafseer, ash-Shawkaanee has combined both methods of
tafseer (by opinion and by narration). He has condensed the hadeeth chains and
has mentioned the books in which each hadeeth may be found, and most opinions
are attributed to their sources. Grammatical, legal, and philosophical issues are
discussed and the positions of the great commentators are mentioned. This tafseer
is printed in five volumes and is widely favored among orthodox scholars. A
recent edition has footnotes that extensively document the hadeeths cited by the
author. 124

10. Tafseer Ibn ‘Abbaas, Tanweer al-Miqbaas min Tafseer Ibn ‘Abbaas
This tafseer was compiled by Muhammad ibn Ya‘qoob al-Fayroozaabaadee
(d. 1414 CE/817 AH), who was a Shaafi‘ee scholar and author of the famous
Arabic dictionary, al-Qaamoos al-Muheet. The vast majority of this tafseer
consists of explanatory statements attributed to the great sahaabee and mufassir,
Ibn ‘Abbaas. The author mentions the chains of narrators for each section of
tafseer. Hence, this tafseer is considered as being among the tafseers bir-
riwaayah. However, chains of narration attributed to Ibn ‘Abbaas vary in their
level of authenticity, depending upon the reliability of the narrators themselves.
Chains from Mu‘aawiyah ibn Saalih and Qays ibn Muslim al-Koofee are
considered saheeh (highly authentic) and those from Ibn Is-haaq (the historian)
are considered hasan (authentic); while those from Ismaa‘eel ibn ‘Abdur-
Rahmaan as-Suddee al-Kabeer and ‘Abdul Maalik ibn Jurayj are doubtful. Those
from ad-Dahhaak ibn Mazaahim al-Hilaalee, ‘Ateeyah al-‘Awfee, Muqaatil ibn
Sulaymaan al-Azdee, and Muhammad ibn as-Saa’ib al-Kalabee, who was accused
of fabricating hadeeths, are all da‘eef (unacceptable). Nearly all of the so-called
“Tafseer of Ibn ‘Abbaas” is based on statements narrated in chains containing
Muhammad ibn as-Saa’ib al-Kalabee. Hence, this tafseer is considered unreliable
for the most part; and, despite its popularity among the masses, it is totally
rejected by Muslim scholars. 125
TAFSEER BID-DIRAAYAH

1. Tafseer Fakhrud-Deen ar-Raazee, Mafaateeh al-Ghayb

Fakhrud-Deen ibn ‘Alee ar-Raazee (1150-1210 CE/544-606 AH) was a
Shaafi‘ee scholar who excelled in the grammatical sciences as well as philosophy.

124
Fat-h al-Qadeer, documentation by Sayyid Ibraaheem (Cairo: Daar al-Hadeeth, n.d.).
125
See Mabaahith fee ‘Uloom al-Qur’aan, pp. 360-62 and at-Tafseer wa al Mufassiroon, pp. 81-3.

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