Page 329 - Euclid's Elements of Geometry

ST EW iþ.

Α ∆ Γ Β A D C ELEMENTS BOOK 10
B

Ε Μ Θ Ν E M H N

Ζ Λ Η Κ F L G K
Εἰ γὰρ δυνατόν, διῃρήσθω καὶ κατὰ τὸ Δ, ὥστε τὴν For, if possible, let it also have been (so) divided at
ΑΓ τῇ ΔΒ μὴ εἶναι τὴν αὐτήν, ἀλλὰ μείζονα καθ᾿ ὑπόθεσιν D, so that AC is not the same as DB, but AC (is),
τὴν ΑΓ· δῆλον δή, ὅτι καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ, ὡς ἐπάνω by hypothesis, greater. So, (it is) clear that (the sum
ἐδείξαμεν, ἐλάσσονα τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ· καὶ τὰς ΑΔ, ΔΒ of) the (squares) on AD and DB is also less than (the
μέσας εἶναι δυνάμει μόνον συμμέτρους μέσον περιεχούσας. sum of) the (squares) on AC and CB, as we showed
καὶ ἐκκείσθω ῥητὴ ἡ ΕΖ, καὶ τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΒ ἴσον παρὰ above [Prop. 10.41 lem.]. And AD and DB are medial
τὴν ΕΖ παραλληλόγραμμον ὀρθογώνιον παραβεβλήσθω τὸ (straight-lines), commensurable in square only, (and)
ΕΚ, τοῖς δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον ἀφῃρήσθω τὸ ΕΗ· λοιπὸν containing a medial (area). And let the rational (straight-
ἄρα τὸ ΘΚ ἴσον ἐστὶ τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ. πάλιν δὴ τοῖς line) EF be laid down. And let the rectangular paral-
ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ, ἅπερ ἐλάσσονα ἐδείχθη τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν lelogram EK, equal to the (square) on AB, have been
ΑΓ, ΓΒ, ἴσον ἀφῃρήσθω τὸ ΕΛ· καὶ λοιπὸν ἄρα τὸ ΜΚ applied to EF. And let EG, equal to (the sum of) the
ἴσον τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ. καὶ ἐπεὶ μέσα ἐστὶ τὰ ἀπὸ (squares) on AC and CB, have been cut off (from EK).
τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ, μέσον ἄρα [καὶ] τὸ ΕΗ. καὶ παρὰ ῥητὴν τὴν Thus, the remainder, HK, is equal to twice the (rectan-
ΕΖ παράκειται· ῥητὴ ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΕΘ καὶ ἀσύμμετρος τῇ ΕΖ gle contained) by AC and CB [Prop. 2.4]. So, again,
μήκει. διὰ τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ καὶ ἡ ΘΝ ῥητή ἐστι καὶ ἀσύμμετρος let EL, equal to (the sum of) the (squares) on AD and
τῇ ΕΖ μήκει. καὶ ἐπεὶ αἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ μέσαι εἰσὶ δυνάμει μόνον DB—which was shown (to be) less than (the sum of) the
σύμμετροι, ἀσύμμετρος ἄρα ἐστὶν ἡ ΑΓ τῇ ΓΒ μήκει. ὡς δὲ (squares) on AC and CB—have been cut off (from EK).
ἡ ΑΓ πρὸς τὴν ΓΒ, οὕτως τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ πρὸς τὸ ὑπὸ τῶν And, thus, the remainder, MK, (is) equal to twice the
ΑΓ, ΓΒ· ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν (rectangle contained) by AD and DB. And since (the
ΑΓ, ΓΒ. ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ἀπὸ τῆς ΑΓ σύμμετρά ἐστι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν sum of) the (squares) on AC and CB is medial, EG
ΑΓ, ΓΒ· δυνάμει γάρ εἰσι σύμμετροι αἱ ΑΓ, ΓΒ. τῷ δὲ ὑπὸ (is) thus [also] medial. And it is applied to the ratio-
τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ σύμμετρόν ἐστι τὸ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ. καὶ τὰ nal (straight-line) EF. Thus, EH is rational, and incom-
ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἄρα ἀσύμμετρά ἐστι τῷ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, mensurable in length with EF [Prop. 10.22]. So, for the
ΓΒ. ἀλλὰ τοῖς μὲν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον ἐστὶ τὸ ΕΗ, τῷ δὲ same (reasons), HN is also rational, and incommensu-
δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ ἴσον τὸ ΘΚ· ἀσύμμετρον ἄρα ἐστὶ τὸ rable in length with EF. And since AC and CB are me-
ΕΗ τῷ ΘΚ· ὥστε καὶ ἡ ΕΘ τῇ ΘΝ ἀσύμμετρός ἐστι μήκει. dial (straight-lines which are) commensurable in square
καί εἰσι ῥηταί· αἱ ΕΘ, ΘΝ ἄρα ῥηταί εἰσι δυνάμει μόνον only, AC is thus incommensurable in length with CB.
σύμμετροι. ἐὰν δὲ δύο ῥηταὶ δυνάμει μόνον σύμμετροι συν- And as AC (is) to CB, so the (square) on AC (is) to the
τεθῶσιν, ἡ ὅλη ἄλογός ἐστιν ἡ καλουμένη ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων· (rectangle contained) by AC and CB [Prop. 10.21 lem.].
ἡ ΕΝ ἄρα ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων ἐστὶ διῃρημένη κατὰ τὸ Θ. κατὰ Thus, the (square) on AC is incommensurable with the
τὰ αὐτὰ δὴ δειχθήσονται καὶ αἱ ΕΜ, ΜΝ ῥηταὶ δυνάμει (rectangle contained) by AC and CB [Prop. 10.11]. But,
μόνον σύμμετροι· καὶ ἔσται ἡ ΕΝ ἐκ δύο ὀνομάτων κατ᾿ (the sum of) the (squares) on AC and CB is commensu-
ἄλλο καὶ ἄλλο διῃρημένη τό τε Θ καὶ τὸ Μ, καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν rable with the (square) on AC. For, AC and CB are com-
ἡ ΕΘ τῇ ΜΝ ἡ αὐτή, ὅτι τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, ΓΒ μείζονά ἐστι mensurable in square [Prop. 10.15]. And twice the (rect-
τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ. ἀλλὰ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ μείζονά angle contained) by AC and CB is commensurable with
ἐστι τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ ΑΔ, ΔΒ· πολλῷ ἄρα καὶ τὰ ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΓ, the (rectangle contained) by AC and CB [Prop. 10.6].
ΓΒ, τουτέστι τὸ ΕΗ, μεῖζόν ἐστι τοῦ δὶς ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΔ, ΔΒ, And thus (the sum of) the squares on AC and CB is in-
τουτέστι τοῦ ΜΚ· ὥστε καὶ ἡ ΕΘ τῆς ΜΝ μείζων ἐστίν. ἡ commensurable with twice the (rectangle contained) by
ἄρα ΕΘ τῇ ΜΝ οὐκ ἔστιν ἡ αὐτή· ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι. AC and CB [Prop. 10.13]. But, EG is equal to (the sum
of) the (squares) on AC and CB, and HK equal to twice
the (rectangle contained) by AC and CB. Thus, EG is
incommensurable with HK. Hence, EH is also incom-

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