Page 44 - Teknik Menjawab Soalan PSPM Biologi

4.1 (e) Explain the factors that affect the enzymatic reaction
Substrate concentration
At low substrate concentration, the
rate of reaction increase as substrate
concentration increase.
There are many active sites of enzyme
than substrate.
Not all active site are occupied.
As [substrate] increase, more active
site are occupied until of of them bind
to its substrate.
The rate of reaction reaches the
maximum rate.
Increasing [substrate], does not affect
the rate of reaction since all active
sites are saturated with substrate.
pH
Temperature Most enzyme function at a maximum
At low temperature, rate of reaction is very slow rate over a narrow pH range
The kinetic energy of the molecules is low Changes in pH above or below the
Molecules move slowly optimal pH value will change the
Therefore, the chances of substrates to collide with active site is low hydrogen ion concentration
When the temperature increase, the kinetic energy of the substrate This ion changes the ionic charge of
and enzyme increase
the acidic and basic groups of amino
More enzyme-substrate complex is formed acids of the enzyme.
The rate of reaction increase The ionic bonds that hold the
For every 10°C rise in temperature, the rate of reaction is doubled specific 3D shape of enzyme are
disrupted.
As temperature exceeds optimum value, the weak bond such as ionic
bond, hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction that holds the three
dimensional shape of enzyme are broken down Active site are destroyed, enzyme
denatured
Change the conformation of active site and enzyme become
denatured Rate of reaction decreases quickly.
Substrates cannot bind into the active site of the enzyme
Rate of reaction reduce drastically