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b. There should be regular monitoring, cleaning and mainte-
nance of the sources of water.

c. All the institutions in the community should keep their
surroundings neat and clean.
d. There should be regular cleaning and maintenance ofpub-
lic places such as streets, parks, temples, pati, pauwa, ghat,
stupa, and mosque.

e. There should be the availability of safe drinking water and
public toilets and proper drainage system in public places.
f. There should be child friendly, gender friendly and dis-
able friendly toilets in the schools.

g. Menstruation pads should be made available in schools
and other offices. These pads should be disposed properly
in the proper place.

h. There should be proper waste managenient and drainage
system.

i. Hospital wastes are hazardous to health. Therefore, these-
wastes should be disposed and managed safely in proper-
places.

2.3. Types of Toilet

Proper management of excreted urine and faeces is essential for total
sanitation. There is an important role of the toilet for it. We are going
to study about water-seal toilets and eco-santoilets in this unit.

A. Water-seal Toilet
Water-seal toilet is often constructed in house, school, offices, and
public places nowadays. This type of toilet is com1non in town and
village areas. It can be flushed easily. Water
is poured into the bowl to flush excreta away.
After flushing it, a little water is stored there.
Therefore, it prevents odours from coming up
the pipe. This type of toilet can be constructed ~

in the house or near the house.

It should be cleaned regularly to inaintain the

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