Page 267 - Easy Japanese - Learn to Speak Japanese Quickly! (TUTTLE)

petto botoru ペットボトル plastic bottle
gomi ごみ trash
gomibako ゴミ箱 trash can

chigau 違う is different; is wrong

(an U-verb: chigaimasu, chigawanai, chigatta: chigau namae “different name”)

GRAMMAR NOTE Expressing Prohibition

When X-te + wa “if you do X” is followed by ikenai/ikemasen “it cannot go” or
“it won’t do”, it expresses prohibition “it’s not good to do X” or “you must not
do X”.

Sutete wa ikemasen. It’s not good to throw it away.
Shashin o totte wa ikenai. It’s not good to take pictures.

In addition to ikenai, other negative expressions such as dame, yoku nai,

shitsurei, etc., sometimes follow the -te wa pattern.
Mada mite wa dame. You must not look yet.

Osoku denwa-shite wa It’s rude to call (so) late.
shitsurei desu.

In casual speech, the following sound contractions often occur:
te wa → cha(a) and de wa → ja(a)

sutete wa ikenai → sutecha(a) You must not throw it away.
ikenai

nonde wa ikenai → nonja(a) You must not drink it.
ikenai

Note that permission and prohibition are the “yin and yang” of the rule, so to
speak.
In many contexts, the /-te mo i’i/ and /-te wa ikenai/ express opposite sides of
the same rule.

Tabako sutte mo i’i desu ka. May I smoke?
-Iya, sutte wa ikemasen. No, you mustn’t.

To be more polite when prohibiting someone from doing something, use more
indirect patterns including chotto, sumimasen kedo…, and negative requests.