Page 432 - (DK) The Ultimate Visual Dictionary 2nd Ed.

THE VISUAL AR TS
Drawing FIXATIVE AND MOUTH DIFFUSER

DRAWINGS CAN BE FINISHED WORKS OF ART, or preparatory studies for
paintings and other visual arts. They can be made using a wide variety Hinge
of drawing instruments such as pencils, graphite sticks, chalks, charcoal,
pens and inks, and silver wires. The most common drawing instrument
is the graphite pencil. A graphite pencil consists of a thin rod of graphite
mixed with clay, encased in wood. Charcoal is one of the oldest drawing
instruments. It is produced by firing twigs of willow, vine, or other Liquid
woods at high temperatures in airtight containers. Erasers can be fixative
consisting
used to rub out marks made by drawing materials such as graphite of dissolved
pencils or charcoal, or to achieve a particular effect—such as resin
smudging. Fixative is often applied—using a mouth diffuser
or aerosol spray fixative—to prevent smudging once a Fixative is sucked
drawing is finished. Silver lines can be produced by into tube and
sprayed on to
drawing silver wire across specially prepared drawing CHALK, CRAYON, AND CHARCOAL
paper—a technique known as silverpoint. The
Calcite (calcium
lines are permanent and cannot
carbonate) mixed
be erased. In time, the silver Hard with pigment
texture
lines oxidize and turn brown. ERASERS
BLUE
CHALK
Medium-soft,
DRAWING INSTRUMENTS light line PLASTIC
ERASER Iron oxide mixed
with chalk
Soft SANGUINE
2B GRAPHITE texture CRAYON
PENCIL Carbonized
Very soft,
dark line wood
PUTTY
ERASER
WILLOW
CHARCOAL
DRAWING MATERIALS
8B GRAPHITE
PENCIL Graphite stick Bulldog
clip
Colored
pencil
SILVER WIRE IN A
METAL HOLDER
DRAWING BOARD
Drawing Dip pen
board

Paper

Pencil Sketch
sharpener book Ink
Drawing bottle
clip
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