Page 468 - (DK) The Ultimate Visual Dictionary 2nd Ed.

ARCHITECTURE

Medieval castles DONJON, TOUR DE CESAR, PROVINS,
FRANCE, 12TH CENTURY
Oculus Battlements (crenellations)
Loophole
and houses Hemispherical cupola
Conical spire
Gallery
Flying buttress
WARFARE WAS COMMON IN EUROPE in the Middle Hexahedral hall Squinch
Ages, and many monarchs and nobles built Vaulted room
Semicircular turret
castles as a form of defense. Typical medieval Main entrance
castles have outer walls surrounding a moat. Inside Fireplace
the moat is a bailey (courtyard), protected by a Staircase
Bailey
chemise (jacket wall). The innermost and strongest to chemise
(jacket
part of a medieval castle is the keep. There are two
wall)
main types of keep: towers called donjons, such
Embrasure
as the Tour de César and Coucy-le-Château,
and rectangular keeps (“hall-keeps”), such as the Chemise Plain Vaulted
(jacket wall) impost Depressed cupola staircase Motte
Tower of London. Castles were often guarded by
salients (projecting fortifications), like those of the
Bastille. Medieval houses typically had timber cruck Blind, rounded
relieving arch Merlon Battlements (crenellations)
(tentlike) frames, wattle-and-daub walls, and pitched
roofs, like those on medieval Tetrahedral Crenel Loophole
London Bridge (opposite). spire
Wooden staircase
Rectangular leading to entrance
Timber turret above ground level
cruck frame
Loophole Quoin Timber-framed
house
Cornice
Buttress
Round-arched window with twin openings Cruck frame
Paling
SALIENT, CAERNARVON CRUCK-FRAMED HOUSE, TOWER OF LONDON, BRITAIN, FROM 1070
CASTLE, BRITAIN, 1283-1323 BRITAIN, c.1200
Plain string Bracket decorated
Curtain wall Pointed relieving arch Semicircular relieving arch course with scroll molding

Rectangular Sunken Round-arched window Semicircular salient Loophole Lateral
window rectangular circular
panel THE BASTILLE, PARIS, FRANCE, 14TH CENTURY salient

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