Page 126 - One Million Things: Animal Life - The Incredible Visual Guide

Glossary

abdomen calcium carbonate compound eye enzyme
The part of an animal’s body A white, solid mineral salt that A type of eye, found in insects A substance that speeds up
that contains reproductive and forms or reinforces the shells and crustaceans, that is made up chemical reactions—including
digestive organs. It forms the of mollusks and the cuticle of of many small units. the break down of food
rear part of the body of insects, crustaceans. molecules during digestion—
crustaceans, and arachnids. crustacean inside animals and other living
camouflage An arthropod, such as a crab organisms.
amphibian The way in which an animal or shrimp, that has two pairs of
uses its shape and/or color to antennae and several pairs of evolution
An ectothermic (cold-blooded)
blend in with its surroundings. jointed legs.
vertebrate, such as a frog or The process by which species
newt, that lives partly in water change over many generations,
carapace cuticle
and partly on land. thereby giving rise to new species.
The hard shield that covers and The hard, protective outer layer
protects the head and thorax (exoskeleton) of arthropods such exoskeleton
annelid
of crustaceans such as lobsters as insects and crustaceans.
A type of worm, such as an The hard outer covering of
and crabs.
earthworm, with a soft, rounded animals such as insects and
echinoderm
body that is made up of segments. crustaceans.
carbon dioxide A marine invertebrate, such as
A waste gas released by a starfish or sea urchin, with an extinction
Antarctica
an animal as a result of cell internal skeleton and a body
The continent around the South The permanent disappearance
respiration (energy release). divided into five equal parts.
Pole that is covered by ice sheets. of a particular species of animal
or other living organism.
carnivore echolocation
antenna (plural: Specifically, a member of an The use of reflected sounds,
antennae) order of mammals, including employed by bats and dolphins, fish
A long sensory structure, or cats and wolves, that eats to locate objects, especially food. A general name used to describe
feeler, on the head of insects, mainly meat. Also, any animal several groups of vertebrates,
crustaceans, and some other that is a meat-eater. ecosystem including sharks and bony fish,
arthropods. A community of interacting that live in water and have
cartilage living organisms and their streamlined bodies with fins.
arachnid A tough, flexible tissue that environment, such as a tropical food chain
An arthropod with four pairs of makes up the skeleton of forest or a coral reef.
A pathway that links together
legs, such as a spider or scorpion. cartilaginous fish, such as
sharks, and forms part of the ectothermic selected species within a habitat
to show what eats what.
Arctic skeletons of other vertebrates. Describes an animal, such as
The region around the North a frog or snake, whose internal gene
Pole, and a word that describes cell temperature varies with that One of the instructions, stored
animals that live there. One of the many tiny living of its surroundings.
units that together make up inside cells, required to build and
artery an animal’s body. Other living endothermic operate an animal’s body, and
things, such as bacteria and Describes an animal, such as a which is passed on from parents
A blood vessel that carries to offspring.
plants, are constructed from duck or a rabbit, whose internal
oxygen-rich blood from the heart
one or many cells. temperature remains the same
to an animal’s tissues. gill
regardless of the external
cephalopod temperature. A structure, found in fish and
arthropod
A type of mollusk, such as an other aquatic animals, used for
An invertebrate, such as an taking in oxygen and releasing
octopus, that has a distinct energy
insect, crustacean, or arachnid,
head with large eyes and The capacity to perform work, carbon dioxide under water.
that has a hard body case and
tentacles with suckers. required for all life functions
jointed legs. gonad
including growth and movement.
cephalothorax An organ, such as the testis or
bacteria
The front section of the body equator ovary, that produces sex cells
A group of simple, single-celled
of spiders and other arachnids An imaginary line drawn around used in reproduction.
organisms, the most abundant to which four pairs of legs the Earth halfway between the
on Earth. are attached. North and South poles, which habitat
divides it into northern and The natural home of a species of
bird chordate southern hemispheres. animal or other living organism.
An endothermic (warm-blooded) A member of a group
vertebrate, such as an eagle, that of animals that includes herbivore
has a beak, feathers, wings, and vertebrates, such as fish An animal, such as a cow, that
can fly. and reptiles. eats only plants.

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