Page 52 - (DK Eyewitness) Travel Guide - The Netherlands

50  INTRODUCING THE NE THERLANDS

The Emergence of Towns

In the 13th century, towns started to acquire considerable FRIESLAND
economic power. At that time, the Low Countries were BISDOM UTRECHT
nominally under the rule of the German king, but in HOLLAND
practice local nobles ran things themselves. In the north, ZEELAND Utrecht GELRE
BRABANT
the counts of Holland were the most powerful. In the mid- Antwerpen
14th century, their territory fell into the hands of the House VLAANDEREN
of Bavaria. Disunity between Margaretha of Bavaria and her HENEGOUWEN
son William marked the beginning of the dispute between The Low Countries (1300)
the Hooks and the Cods, which split towns as well as noble German Empire
families for one and a half centuries. France

The Fulling Industry
During the 15th century, the cloth industry flourished
in Leiden and ’s-Hertogenbosch. This painting by IC
Swanenburgh shows the fullers and dyers at work. In
the background to the right, inspectors are checking
the quality of the cloth.

Minting Coins
Minting rights lay
not only with the Pilgrims who had The sheriff, with his
sovereign. Local visited Santiago de distinctive chain of bells,
rulers, both church Compostela, well was the representative of the
and secular, were established as a place sovereign. Here he is on the
entitled to mint coins. of pilgrimage by the 11th way to pronounce a death
century, wore the scallop
sentence, which is shown by
shell of the apostle the red pole, the “rod of justice”,
St James on their hats. carried by an executioner.

1185 1247 William II of
The coat of arms of ’s-Hertogenbosch
‘s-Hertogenbosch Holland is appointed
c.1050 The first is granted its king of Germany by
dykes are built town charter the pro-Papal party
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250
1165 Frederick Barbarossa
1076–1122 Investiture dispute places Friesland under the joint
between the German king and rule of the Bishop of Utrecht
the Pope on the right to and the Count of Holland
appoint bishops

050-051_EW_Netherlands.indd 50 16/01/17 12:02 pm
Eyewitness Travel LAYERS PRINTED:
Starsight history template “UK” LAYER
(Source v1.2)
Date 7th January 2013
Size 125mm x 217mm