Page 56 - All About History - Issue 54-17

Little Ships, Great Escape

Operation Dynamo formally wrapped up at The New York Times on 1 June 1940. “In that
2.33pm on 4 June. Thousands of French and harbour, such a hell on earth as never blazed
British soldiers had courageously attempted to hold before, at the end of a lost battle, the rags and
off the Germans to ensure their comrades’ escapes. blemishes that had hidden the soul of democracy
The biggest evacuation in military history had fell away. There, unbeaten but unconquered, in
seen some 338,000 soldiers rescued — 200,000 shining splendour, she faced the enemy, this
from the East Mole — with the evacuees including shining thing in the souls of free men, which
140,000 French, Belgian and Polish troops. More Hitler cannot command. It is in the great tradition
than 200 ships and boats were destroyed and of democracy. It is a future. It is victory.”
Fighting on
40,000 of Britain’s soldiers were left behind But perhaps the most famous commentary is
and became prisoners of war. contained in novelist and playwright JB Priestley’s
The now famous little ships proceeded through celebrated Postscripts radio broadcasts for the BBC.
London on 9 June and were greeted by huge “Here at Dunkirk is another English epic. And to the beaches
crowds and much cheering when they arrived at my mind what was most characteristically English
Westminster Bridge. Many of the boats resumed about it — so typical, so absurd and yet so grand Journalist Hugh Sebag-
life as it was before Dunkirk but some, sadly, could and gallant that you hardly knew whether to laugh Montefiore thinks the soldiers
not be preserved. The Association of Dunkirk Little or cry when you read about them — was the part who kept the Germans at bay
Ships emerged and 39 of them were the main played in the difficult and dangerous embarkation
attraction of the Queen’s Diamond Jubilee — not by the warships, magnificent though they during the rescue mission
pageant in 2012. were — but by the little pleasure steamers,” he said. deserve more credit
The same day Operation Dynamo concluded, “We’ve known them, and laughed at them,
Winston Churchill took to the House of these fussy little steamers, all our lives. We have Your book centres on the
soldiers who defended the
Commons for his barnstorming ‘We Shall Fight watched them load and unload their crowds of
retreat route. How would you
on the Beaches’ speech. While these days it is holiday passengers — the gents full of high spirits describe their contribution?
remembered for rousing British morale, and did and bottled beer, the ladies eating pork pies, the Well, what I’d say is if it hadn’t been
for them the evacuation would
commend the efforts of the little ships and the children sticky with peppermint rock...
have been stopped. It would have
armed forces alike, the Prime Minister actually “There was always something old-fashioned, started, but it might well have been
warned against celebrating the evacuations too a Dickens touch, a mid-Victorian air about them… stopped after the first night. That’s
merrily: “We must be very careful not to assign to Yes, those ‘Brighton Belles’ and ‘Brighton Queens’ the answer in a nutshell.
this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are left that innocent foolish world of theirs… to sail Were there any stories that particularly resonated?
not won by evacuations.” into the inferno, to defy bombs, shells, magnetic What I found amazing was what happened at Cassel,
But the mythologising of the operation, both mines. I tell you, we were proud of the Gracie involving a man called Roy Creswell. The British soldiers
were locked up in a blockhouse. Germans were on the
here and across the Atlantic, had already begun. Fields… This little steamer, like all her brave and
roof, they were throwing things down the chimney, they
“So long as the English tongue survives, the word battered sisters, is immortal — she’ll go sailing set it on fire with hand grenades and still Creswell’s men
Dunkirk will be spoken with reverence,” reported proudly down the years in the epic of Dunkirk.” held out for four or five days. They lasted out until 30 May
when they surrendered, but it’s an inspiring story.
Has there been enough emphasis on these soldiers,
“The now famous little ships proceeded through London on or do you think they have been almost forgotten?
Yes, they have been forgotten, but that’s not to say that
9 June and were greeted by huge crowds and much cheering the little ships weren’t vital — it wouldn’t have succeeded
without them and the Royal Navy and everything else;
when they arrived at Westminster Bridge” they all came together.
Why do you think the story of the little ships (and
Dunkirk in general) has become so mythologised?
Dunkirk little ships leave for I think it may be because it’s such a remarkable story and
Dunkirk on the 70th anniversary Dunkirk was so much about morale. People like the myth
— it’s uplifting to think about the wonderful Dunkirk spirit
and the ships. And it was very difficult to find the stories
of these soldiers. I looked into it for a long time; people
who didn’t have the luxury of taking a long time to do it,
they have thought there’s no story there.
What can you tell us about your relatives who
were evacuated?
Two relatives were evacuated, my cousin Denzil Sebag-
Montefiore and a cousin on my mother’s side, Basil Jaffé.
Denzil was a larger-than-life character when I knew him,
but I don’t know what he was like when he was young,
though in my book I talk about when he got a Christmas
hamper in 1939: rather than scoffing it himself, he shared
it with all the soldiers in his platoon. At Dunkirk, he was
trying to get into a little rowing boat but having difficulty,
and a group of men came to his aid. There’s a moral
there — to be good to people, to those less fortunate than
ourselves, and they will repay you in time. © Alamy, Getty Images, Shutterstock, Ed Crooks.

Hugh Sebag-Montefiore’s is the author of Dunkirk: Fight
To The Last Man, while his new book Somme: Into The
Breach is out now.

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