Page 498 - (DK) Ocean - The Definitive Visual Guide

496 INDEX

bullhead shark 323 cape penguin see jackass penguin Celebes Basin 465, 466 Chichagof Island 459 Clarion Island 469
bullhead, long-spined 357 Cape Prince Alfred 424, 426 Celebes Sea 422, 456, 465, 466 Chidley, Cape 426 Clark Basin 441
Bullina lineata 286 Cape Verde Basin 423, 429 cells Chilara taylori 349 classification 206–209
Bunce Seamounts 449 Cape Verde Islands 423 atmospheric 54 Chile Basin 423, 457, 479 Clatsop Spit 93
Buorkhaya Guba 425 Cape Verde Plain 429 convection 41, 42, 44, 48 Chile Rise 423, 457 clay sediment 180, 181
buoyancy Cape Verde Terrace 429 Ferrel 54 Chile Trench 444 cleaner wrasse 361
animals 256 Cape York Peninsula 472 Hadley 54 Chile, fiordlands 103 Cleidopus gloriamaris 352
fish 337 capelin 345 Langmuir 61 Chimaera monstrosa 324 cliff, undercut 93
Burdwood Bank 444, 445 Capelinhos volcano 437 polar 54 chimera cliffs
Burke Island 484 capillary waves 76 Celtic Sea 432, 437 blunt-nosed see spotted ratfish underwater 143
Burks, Cape 485 Caranx sexfasciatus 360 Celtic Shelf 429, 432, 437 plownose 324 uplifted 89
Burma Plate 450 Carapus acus 349 Cenozoic, ocean life 228 chimeras 322–323 climate change
Buru, Pulau 451, 465, 466, 472 carbon cycle 67 Central Atlantic Ocean 442–43 chimneys, hydrothermal vents and Arctic Ocean salinity 65
bushy black coral 270 carbon dioxide Central Basin Trough 465, 466 188 Atlantic Conveyor 61, 62–63,
butterflyfish early Earth 43 Central Bay, San Francisco 123 Chinese white dolphin 122 430
bluecheek 359 in oceans 67 Central Kara Plateau 425 Chinook Trough 468 Gondwana breakup 46
milletseed 161 in seawater 32, 33 Central Pacific Basin 422, 457, chinstrap penguin 383 Mesozoic 46
button mangrove 130 carbon sink 33, 67 476 Chionis alba 394 ocean circulation 46
by-the-wind sailor 214 carbonates, continental shelf 141 Central Slope 440 Chíos 439 and sea-level 45, 88
Bylot Island 425, 426 Carboniferous, plate tectonics 44 cephalopods 279 Chirikof Basin 458 Clipper Round the World Yacht
Byramgore Reef 449 Carcharius taurus 328 anatomy 276 Chironex fleckeri 264 Race 57
byssus threads 280 Carcharodon carcharias 329 chromatophores 277 chirostylus crab 179 Clipperton Fracture Zone 423,
Carcinus maenas 300 feeding 278 chiton, lined 289 457, 476
Cardigan Bay 432 movement 277 chitons 279 cloak anemone 267
reproduction 279
Chlamydoselachus anguineus 325
C cardinalfish 131, 135 Cepola macrophthalma 359 chloride ions 32 cloud formation 64
satellite monitoring 187
ring-tailed 359
Cardno Tablemount 443 Ceram Sea 465, 466, 472 chlorophyll von Karman vortices 52–53
C-Quester submersible 173 Caretta caretta 370 Cerastoderma edule 281 plants 242 clownfish 24, 217
Cabo de Gata 438 Cargados Carajos Bank 454 cerata, Polybranchid 286 satellite measurement 187 Clupea harengus 344
Cabo San Juan 443 Caribbean Plate 440 Cerianthus membranaceous 270 chloroplasts 237, 248 cnidarians 260–61
Cabot Strait 431 Caribbean reef shark 229 Ceryle rudis 399 Choiseul 473 anatomy 260
cactus seaweed 247 Caribbean Sea 423, 428, 440, Cestium veneris 317 Chondrus crispus 245 classification 261
Cadiz, Gulf of 437 441, 478 cetaceans 400–401 chop and swell waves 76 reproduction 261
Calabar Canyon 443 depth 169 Cetorhinus maximus 328 chordates, classification 209 zooxanthellae 261
Calappa angusta 297 Caribbean spiny lobster, Ceylon Plain 422, 447, 450, 451 Choyo Seamount 466 cnidocytes 260
Calarca Bank 441 migration 220 Chaenocephalus aceratus 361 Christmas Island 451 CO
2
calcareous ooze 180, 181 Carlsberg Ridge 185, 422, 447, Chaetoceros danicus 237 Christmas Ridge 457, 476 carbon cycle 67
calcium carbonate 67, 180, 181 448, 449 Chaetodon semilarvatus 359 Christmas tree worm 217, 275 early Earth 43
compensation depth 181 carnation coral 265 Chaetognatha 317 chromatophores 288 in oceans 67
sclerites 260 Carnegie Ridge 478 Chagos Archipelago 447, 455 cephalopods 277 in seawater 32, 33
calcium, in seawater 32 Caroline Islands 456, 466 Chagos Bank 455 chromists 234–235 coastlines
Calidris alpinus 395 Caroline Plate 423, 472 Chagos Trench 447, 455 chromodorid sea slug 286 drowned 88
California Current 58, 59, 66, Caroline Ridge 466 Chagos–Laccadive Plateau 422, Chromodoris lochi 286 emergent 89
457 Carpentaria, Gulf of 472 446, 447, 448, 449, 455 chrysophyta 237 coasts 86–87, 92–93
California, Gulf of 457, 469 carpetshark 323 Chain catshark 329 Chukchi Plain 424 artificial 92, 99
California, temperature 31 Carpilius maculatus 300 Chain Fracture Zone 429, 442, Chukchi Plateau 424 breezes 55
California sea lion 403 Carpophyllum flexuosum 150 443 Chukchi Sea 422, 424, 458 classification 92
Callorhinchus milii 324 carrageen moss see Irish moss Chain moray eel 342 Chukotskiy Peninsula 424 defenses 105
Callorhinus ursinus 403 carrageenan 245 Chain Ridge 446, 449 Chukotskiy Poluostrov 458 fringing reef 92
Calothrix crustacea 233 cartilaginous fish 322–23 chalk, erosion, White Cliffs of Chukotskiy, Mys 458 marine-deposition 93
calving, iceberg 192, 195 caruncles 312 Dover 96 Churchill Peninsula 484 pollution 141
Cambrian Caryophyllia smithii 269 Chalkidiki 439 Chuuk Islands 466 primary 92
ocean life 227 Carysfort Reef 156 Challenger Deep 171, 456, 467 cichlid, Mayan 133 and sea-level change 88–89,
plate tectonics 44 Cascadia Basin 457, 459 Challenger Fracture Zone 423, ciliates 236 92
Camões Seamount 449 Caseyr, Raas 446, 449 457 Cilicia Trough 439 secondary 92
camouflage caspian tern 397 Challenger Plateau 480, 481, 483 Ciona intestinalis 318 volcanic 92
bony fish 338 Cassiopea andromeda see Cassiopea Challenger, HMS 171 circulation wave-erosion 93
photophores 36, 224 xamachana champignon (mushroom rock) atmospheric 54 Coats Island 426
Campbell Island 480, 481, 457 Cassiopea xamachana 264 158 effect of El Niño/La Niña Cobb Hotspot 459
Campbell Plateau 422, 457,480, cassiterite, Andaman Sea 450 Changjiang Estuary see Yangtze 68–69 coccolithophore 181, 237
481, 483 Casuarina 243, 253 Estuary oceanic coccoliths 237
Campeche Bank 440 Casuarina equisetifolia 253 Channel Islands 432, 437, 469 Antarctic ice shelves 193 Cochlearia officinalis 252
Campeche Canyon 440 catamarans, ocean yacht racing 57 Chanos chanos 344 Arctic Ocean cockle, common edible 281
Campeche Escarpment 440 catastrophe, iron 40 Chao Phraya River, discharge deep-water 201 cockling, Morecambe Bay 127
Campeche, Bay of 440 catfish 339 into South China Sea 465 surface 200 Coco-de-Mer Seamounts 454
Canada Basin 423, 424, 426 gafftopsail sea 345 Chapman, Cape 424, 426 Atlantic Ocean 430 coconut palm 243, 253
Canada Plain 424 striped 256, 345 char, Arctic 346 Bay of Bengal 450 Cocos Basin 422, 447, 450, 451
Canaries Current 428, 440, 442 Catoche Tongue 440 Charcot Island 484 and climate change 46, 65 Cocos Islands 451
Canary Basin 436 Catshark, Chain 329 Charcot Seamounts 437 deep-water 61, 201 Cocos nucifera 253
Canary Islands 423, 437 Caucasus Escarpment 439 charge imbalance 30 Langmuir cells 61 Cocos Plate 423, 478
Canaveral, Cape 441 caudofoveates 279 Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone Southern Ocean 201 Cocos Ridge 478
Cancer pagurus 300 Caulerpa racemosa 247 423, 429, 436 surface 58–59, 200 cod
Cancun 132 Caulerpa taxifolia 247 Charonia tritonis 285, 309 underwater 60–61 Atlantic 348
candy stripe flatworm 271 Caulophryn jordani 350 Chatham Islands 457, 481 and water density 35 overfishing 212
Canisteo Peninsula 484 caves 93 Chatham Rise 457, 480, 481, 483 see also currents, ocean Cod, Cape 431
Canterbury Bight 481 as habitat 143 Chauliodus sloani 346 Circumpolar Current 46 Codium fragile 246
Canton City see Guanghzou caviar 340 Chaunax endeavouri 351 creation 45 Codium tomentosum 247
canyon cavoline, three-tooth 286 Cheetham, Cape 485 Cirrhipathes species 270 coelacanth 339, 340, 455
submarine 176 Cavolinia tridentata 286 Cheilopogon heterurus 352 cladistics 206 Indonesian 340
Monterey 469 Cay Sal Bank 441 Cheju Strait 464, 466 Cladococcus viminalis 237 Coelenterata see cniderians
Cap Ferret 110 Cayman Ridge 441 Cheju-do 460, 464, 466 cladogram 206 Coeloplana astericola 317
Cape Basin 423, 429 Caymen Trench 169, 441 chelicerates 292 Cladophora mirabilis 247 coffinfish 351
Cape Bathurst, Cape 426 cays, Caribbean Sea 440 Chelidonichthys cuculus 358 cladophora, giant 247 coho salmon 346
Cape Breton Island 431 Ceara Plain 429, 442 Chelonia mydas 112, 370 clam migration 220
Cape Cod 431 Ceará Ridge 442 chemistry, seawater 32–33 giant 276, 281, 282–83 cold accretion 40
salt marshes 126 Cebu 465, 466 Cherbaniani Reef 449 Pacific razor 129 cold currents 66
Cape Creus 96 Cedros Trench 457, 469 Chesapeake Bay 114, 116, 431 clapper rail 127 cold seeps 189
Cape Hatteras 95 Cedros, Isla 469 Cheshskaya Guba 427 Clarence, Isla 444 cold-water coral 153, 179
lighthouse 95 Celebes 422, 451, 456, 465, 466, Chesil Bank 109 Clarion Fracture Zone 423, 457, Coleopa frigida 304
Cape Horn 444 472 Chesil Beach 109 469 Coleroon Estuary 134