Page 502 - (DK) Ocean - The Definitive Visual Guide

500 INDEX

Gulf of Finland 432 harlequin sweetlips 359 hummingbird, bee 133 icefish, blackfin 361
Gulf of Guinea 443 harp seal 404 hump coral 268 Iceland 423, 425 J
tectonic triple junction 443 harrier humpback angler see common Iceland Basin 423, 429, 430,
Gulf of Maine 431 marsh 128 blackdevil 432 jabiru stork 131, 132
Gulf of Mexico 116, 117, 440 northern 126 humpback whale 408, 410–11, Iceland Plateau 425, 427, 430 jackass penguin 383
Gulf of Odessa 439 Hastigerina pelagica 237 416 ichthyosaur 228 jaeger, parasitic 398
Gulf of Oman 448 hatchetfish 224 feeding 200–201 icon star 308 Jaguar Seamount 454
Gulf of St. Lawrence 116, 431 lovely 347 migration 417 Iconaster longimanus 308 Jamaica Channel 441
Gulf of Thailand 465 Hatteras Island 95 song 37, 409 Idiacanthus antrostomus 347 James Island, Gambia Estuary 120
Gulf of Tongking 465 Havelock Island 450 humphead parrotfish 160 igneous rocks 42 James Ross Island 484
Gulf Stream 31, 66, 428, 431, 440 Hawaii lava coast 103 green 361 iguana, marine 368, 376, 478 Jan Mayen 425, 427
Atlantic Conveyor 63 Hawaiian Archipelago 49, 161, Hunter Ridge 473 Imarssuak Channel 429 Jan Mayen Current 427
map by Benjamin Franklin 59 468 Huon Peninsula imitating flatworm 272 Jan Mayen Fracture Zone 425, 427
gulfweed 235 circulation 468 New Guinea 472 impact crater, Chesapeake Bay Jan Mayen Island 427
gull hawksbill turtle 158, 370, tectonic uplift 102 116 Jan Mayen Ridge 425
great black-backed 396 372–73, 474 hurricanes 70–71 Inca tern 397 Japan Basin 456, 460, 461
herring 396 hazard from fishing 355 Andrew 1992 133 Indian Ocean 446–47, 451, Japan Trench 422, 456, 460, 461,
ivory 397 headlands, erosion 93 coastal effects 71 454–55 464
laughing 397 heat capacity 31 development and structure circulation 446, 447, 451 Japan, Sea of 422
swallow-tailed 396 heat, internal, early Earth 40, 41 70 depth 169
gulls 380 heating, solar 54, 66 Frances 2004 71 ocean floor 446 Japan, Sea of/East Sea 456, 464,
466
gully, erosion 176 Heinrich Events 195 Lili 2002 440 winds 447 Japanese hagfish 319
gulper eel 343 Heliopora coerulea 160 Rita 2005 73 Indian Plate 423, 446, 448, 450,
gurnard, East Atlantic red 358 Hellenic Trough 169, 439 Huso huso 340 455 Japanese spider crab 297
japweed 239
Gusinaya Bank 427 hemocyanin 277 Hutia, Cuban 133 Indo-European humpback
Guyot, Arnold Henry (1807–84) hemolymph 290 Hybrid Remotely Operated dolphin 414 Jarvis Island 476
Jason Peninsula 484
174 Hennediella heimii 249 Vehicle (HROV) 173 Indo-Pacific crocodile see
guyots 174, 184 Heptranchias perlo 325 hydrocarbons saltwater crocodile Jason-2 satellite 187
Java 422, 447, 451, 456
Gydanskiy Poluostrov 425 Hercules ROV 173 cold seeps 189 Indomed Fracture Zone 446 Java Ridge 447. 451
Gygis alba 397 hermaphrodites 279 as food source 179, 189 Indonesian coelacanth 340
Gymnodinium pulchellum 236 Hermissenda crassicorni 286 see also gas deposits; oil deposits Indus Fan 447, 449 Java Sea 422, 451, 456
Java Trench 169, 183, 422, 446,
gypsum 32 Hermissenda sea slug 286 hydrogen atoms 30 Indus River 448
447, 451
gyres hermit crab 134 hydrogen bonds 30–31 infantfish, snout 161 Jaza’ir Farasan 448
ocean 58 heron hydrogen sulfide, hydrothermal ink, octopus defense mechanism
Arctic 424 gray 390 vents 188 288 Jazirah 465
Jazirah Doberai 466, 472
Atlantic 428, 442 madagascar 134 hydroid, stinging 262 Inland Sea 83, 464, 466
Comoros 455 herons 380 Hydrolagus colliei 324 Inner Hebrides 432 Jeffreys Bay 110
Guatemala Basin 478 herring gull 396 hydrologic cycle 64–65 Inner Islands 454 jelly weed, small 244
Gulf of Alaska 459 herring, Atlantic 344 hydrothermal vent crab 189 insects 292 jellyfish
Indian Ocean 446 herrings 339 hydrothermal vents 32, 185, inshore hagfish see Japanese box 261, 264
North Pacific 469 Heterochone calyx 260 188–189 hagfish common, larva 214
Pacific Ocean 456 Heteroconger hassi 343 archaea 232 Institut Okeanologii Rise 461 deep-sea 262
South Pacific 477, 479 Heterodontus portusjacksoni 327 East Pacific Rise 478 Integrated Ocean Drilling golden 10–11
Southern Ocean 482, 483 Hexabranchus sanguineus 287 fauna 189 Program 41 moon 262
upwelling and downwelling Hexanchus griseus 325 Pompeii worm 171 interference, wave 76 stalked 262
60 highfin lizardfish 177 hydrozoans 261 interglacials 46 upside-down 264
Hikurangi Trench 480 Hydrurga leptonyx 405 internal waves 76 jellyfish 260–61
Himantopus himantopus 394 Hyperoodon ampullatus 413 intertidal habitat 78 jewel anemone 143, 267
jewelry, coral 260
hyphae 254
H Himantura uarnak 333 intertidal rove beetle 304 Jodies Basin 485
inverse estuaries 122
Hippocampus bargibanti 357
John Dory 353
Hippocampus hippocampus 356
invertebrates 256
H O molecule 30 Hirondella gigas 183 Investigator Ridge 422, 447, Johnson Sea-Link submersible 173
2 Johnston Atoll 468
Ha Long Bay, karst 102 Histrio histrio 351 I 451
hadal zone 168, 171, 219 HMS Challenger 171 Invisible Bank 450 Joinville Island 444, 484
Hadley cells 54 Hokkaido 460 Iapetus Ocean 44 Iodictyum phoneniceum 305 Jones Sound 426
Haematopus ostralegus 394 Holacanthus ciliaris 359 Iberian Plain 423, 429, 437 Ionian Basin 439 Joseph Bonaparte Gulf 472
hagfish 182, 318, 319 holoplankton 214 Ibiza 438 Ionian Islands 439 Juan de Fuca Plate 423, 459
Japanese 319 Holothuria edulis 312 ice Ionian Sea 438, 439 Juan de Fuca, Strait of 459
Pacific 319 Homarus gammarus 297 density 31 ions, in seawater 32 Juan Fernández, Islas 479
hairy angler 350 Homotrema rubrum 108 fast 198 Ipomoea imperati 252 Juby, Cap 437
Haiyan, typhoon 72–73, 467 honeycomb worm 275 first-year 198 Ireland 423 Junceella fragilis 265
Haliaeetus leucogaster 393 Hong Kong Harbor 99 frazil 198 Ireland Trough 432 Jurassic
Haliastur indus 393 Honshu 460, 462–463 grease 198 Irish moss 245 ocean life 228
halibut, Pacific 123 Hoorn Island 444 multi-year 198 Irish Sea 432 plate tectonics 45
Halichoerus grypus 404 Hoplostethus atlanticus 353 pack 198 iron Jutland Bank 432, 433
Halichondria panicea 259 hormogonia 233 pancake 198 banded-iron formation 43 Jutland, sand dunes 109
Haliclona fascigera 259 Hormosira banksii 239 ice ages Earth’s core 41 Juventud, Isla de la 441
Haliclystus auricula 262 horn shark 323 last 46–45 in seawater 33 Jylland 433
Halimeda opuntia 247 horned-poppy, yellow 252 and sea-level change 46, 88–89 iron catastrophe 40
Haliotis rufescens 284 hornwrack 305 Big Sur 103 Irrawaddy dolphin 135
halite 32 horseshoe crab 290 Gruinard Bay 96 Irrawaddy, Mouths of the 450
Halobacterium salinarium 233 American 293 ice breakers 199, 424, 485 irrigation, Murray River 121 K
Halobates 214, 292 horseshoe worm 313, 314 Ice Coast, Greenland 94 Isakov Seamount 466
Halobates sericeus 304 hotspots 49, 174, 184 ice lead 199 Iselin Bank 485 Kaburakia excelsa 272
halocline 35 Azores Plateau 437 ice platelets 198 Iselin Seamount 485 Kachchh, Gulf of 449
Halodule wrightii 148 Cobb 459 ice rafting 195, 198 Ishigaki Island 160 Kai, Kepulauan 472
halophiles 233 Galapagos Islands 478 ice see sea-ice Isistius brasiliensis 326 Kamchatka Basin 458, 461
Halophilia ovalis 251 Hawaii 161, 468 ice shelves island arc formation 48, 464, 467, Kamchatka Peninsula 422, 456,
halophytes 249, 251 Kerguelen 451 Antarctic 192–93, 484, 485 468 458, 460, 461
Halosphaera viridis 248 Marquesas Islands 477 breakup 487 island chains 49, 456, 477, 480 Kamchatka Terrace 458
Hamelin Pool 150 Marshall Islands 467 satellite monitoring 187, 487 Islas Orcadas Ridge 482 Kamchatskiy Zaliv 458, 461
hammerhead shark 322–23 Pacific Ocean 456, 468 ice-sheets 64, 88 Islas Orcadas Rise 429, 445 Kammu Seamount 457, 468
scalloped 332 Réunion 49, 455 Antarctic 46, 482 Istiophorus albicans 365 Kanton 476
Hapalochlaena maculosa 288 hound needlefish 352 icebergs 194–95, 424 ivory gull 397 Kap Hoorn see Cape Horn
Haplophryne mollis 351 Huang He see Yellow River B-15 485 Iwo–Jima Ridge 464, 466, Kara Sea 422, 425, 427
harbor porpoise 418 Humber Estuary 119 calving 192, 195 467 Kara Strait 425, 427
harbor seal see common seal Humboldt Current 376, 456, detection 195 Izembek Lagoon 150 Karaginskiy Zaliv 458, 461
Hardanger Fiord 119 457, 478, 479 Labrador Current 431 Izu Spur 464, 466 Karaginskiy, Ostrov 458
harlequin ghost pipefish 356 see also Peruvian Current satellite monitoring 187 Izu Trench 464, 466 Karkinitt, Gulf of 439
harlequin shrimp, molting 291 Humboldt squid 277 Southern Ocean 482 Izu-shoto 464, 466 Karpathos 439