Page 74 - Amphibian

Index Carroll, Lewis 42 Eodiscoglossus 9 Italian crested newt 48 orange striped newt 49; shovel-nosed frog 55
Chilean four-eyed frog 17
Spanish spadefoot
eye 22; feeding 19; feet
Japanese giant
Eryops 8
Chilean red-spotted Eurasian common toad salamander 10–11, 31; skin 7 toad 54
AB toad 45 43; amplexus 32; 41, 49 Oriental fire-bellied toad spawn (frog) 38
cloaca 13; gland 23;
defense 17; feeding 19
spectacled salamander 17
16, 21, 23, 26
Jurassic period 8
mating 34–35 European common frog 6, larval stage 6, 12, 22, 38, ornate horned frog 14, spermatophore 34–35
cocoon 12–13 42–43; amplexus 33, 38; 40–41, 49, 62; axolotl 18–19, 45 startle display 16–17
adhesive disks 26–27,
50–53 cold-blooded animals 6, development 38–39; 13; caecilian 46 strawberry poison-dart
Aesop 59 22 feeding 18–19; internal lateral line 22, 27 PR frog 32, 56
African bullfrog 30, 44, colors 6, 14–15, 44–45, anatomy 11; markings leapfrog 24 Surinam toad 23, 37, 59
African clawed toad 13, 49–50, 52–53; breeding 15; skeleton 11; skin 6; lekking 32
34, 48; camouflage
43–44, 59; feeding 18; 20–21, 58; warning 16, tadpole 36 leopard frog 24–27 paddle-tail newt 31 T
hands and feet 30; 56–57 European fire-bellied lungless salamander Paleocene period 8
lateral line 22 common newt 48 toad 16 36, 46 palmate newt 31, 34–35,
African dwarf clawed courtship, frogs and European green toad 16, 48 tadpole 7, 15, 18–22, 24,
27, 36–37; development
panther toad 6, 20–21
toad 59 toads 32–33, 56; 24–25 M paradoxical frog 30 38–39; poison-dart frog
African reed frog 15 newts 23, 28, 34, eyespot17 parental care 36–37, 58 57; rearing 62–63;
alpine newt 48 47–48; salamanders 35 Madagascan tomato frog parotoid gland 15–17, 43 swimming 24, 26–27
American bullfrog 22–23; courtship display 28, FG 23, 44, 60; captive Permian period 8–9 teeth 7, 10, 39
skeleton 11; tadpole 27 32–35, 47–48 breeding 61–62 pheromones 23 tegu lizard 7
amphibious car 6 crested newt 7, 12, 48, 61; Fabergé, Peter Carl 51 mantellas 56–57, 61 Phyllobates bicolor 60 temperature change,
amplexus 32–33, 38 courtship 34, 47; fertilization 36; frogs marbled newt 22, 48 Phyllobates terribilis 56, 60 effect of 22–23, 54
Asian bullfrog 54–55 development 40–41; and toads 32, 37–38; marbled reed frog 23, 50 poison-dart frog 15, 37, Tenniel, Sir John 42
Asian horned toad 20, 44 skin 7 newts 34 marine toad 62 50, 56–57, 60; calling 32 tiger salamander 28,
Asian painted frog 21, Cretaceous period 8 fire-bellied newt 28, 40, 48 markings 14–15, 20–21 poison glands 16–17, 43 46–47, 49; feet 31;
30, 45 cricket frog 50 fire salamander 7, 46, 48; marsupial (pouched) frog poisons 16–17, 25, 57; larva 12, 41
Asian tree toad 23, 42, 44 crocodile newt 49 colors 57; markings 15; 36 agricultural 61 toxic secretions 15, 45,
Audubon, John James 59 Cryptobranchus skin 7; walking 28 mascarene frog 25 pollution 58, 60, 62 56–57
Australian gastric alleganiensis 9 flash coloration 53 mating 26, 32–35, 37, 57 polychromatism 15 tree frogs 6, 24, 44, 50–53,
brooding frog 36 Cryptobranchus flying frogs 50–51 metamorphosis 38–41 polymorphism 6, 15 59; Asian 44; banana
Australian water-holding scheuchzeri 9 foam nest 33 Mexican burrowing Rana pueyoi 8–9 42–43, 51; Brazilian 18,
frog 13 fossils 8–9 frog 54 Rana temporaria 42 20; European 44, 51;
axolotl 13, 41, 46 DE garden pond, making a 63 midwife toad 36–37, red eft 16 green 20, 51–52; red-
Brothers Grimm 14 glass frogs 36, 51 55, 59 red salamander 16 eyed 23, 33, 50, 53;
Budgett’s frog 17 Darwin’s frog 37, 43 golden mantella 56, 61 migration 13, 22 White’s 14, 27, 30, 45,
burrowing 44, 49, 54–55, defense 16–17, 56; golden-striped mimicry 16, 36 S 50–52
60; sharing 58–59 behavior 60; markings 6, salamander 61 Miocene period 9 Triadobatrachus 8–10
C 20–21; toxins 15 golden toad 61 mole frog 44, 55 Senegal running frog 24, Triassic period 8–9
Goliath frog 44
mole salamander 28
tungara frog 33
Devonian period 8
diet 6, 18–19, 39, 58 Grahame, Kenneth 59 mountain dusky 45
dimorphism 15 Gray’s stream frog 20 salamander 34, 49 senses 22–23 UVWXY
caecilians 6–8, 34, 46, 62; Diplocaulus 8–10 movement 24–29 Shakespeare, William 48
birth 36; burrowing Discoglossus 9 HIJL mudpuppy 49 sharp-ribbed newt 17,
28–29; feeding 19; duck-billed tree frog 31, mummified toad 8 34–35 urostyle 11
metamorphosis 40; 52–53 siren 6, 8, 10, 22; lesser 47 Venezuela skunk frog 60
senses 22; skeleton dwarf Mexican lungless habitat destruction 57–58, skeleton 8–11 vertebrates 6, 10
10–11 salamander 47, 49 60, 62; preservation NO skin 6–7, 42–43; color vocal sac 33, 37
California newt 13 eastern newt 16, 40 60–63 14–15, 20–21; glands 15; warm-blooded animals 6
camouflage 14–16, 18, edible frog 10 Hamilton’s frog 61 natterjack toad 59, 63 poisons 16, 56–57; warning colors 16, 56–57
20–21, 36, 45, 50, 52, 54; eft 48 hellbender 9, 34, 49 neoteny 13, 49 porous 6, 12, 22; West African fire frog 45
colors 56, 58 egg laying 32, 36–37 hibernation 38, 43 netsuke 32 shedding 59 Xenopus 43
cannibalism 18 egg wrapping 40 Ichthyostega 8 nuptial pad 33 South African rain frog 32 yellow-bellied toad 16, 21
Carboniferous period 8 endemism 61 incubation 36 olm 13, 46, 49 South African spotted yellow reed frog 50
Acknowledgments
The publisher would like to thank: models. Céline Carez for research help. 20bl, 23tr, 30cl, 44cr, 50b. Royal Collection, St James’s Palace, copyright
Peter Hayman of the British Museum, Harry Manisha Patel, Sharon Spencer, and Helena Mary Evans: 14tl, 32tl, 36tr, 46cl, 48tr, Her Majesty the Queen: 46tr, 51tl.
Taylor of the Natural History Museum, and Spiteri for their design and editorial 56tl, 57cr. Paul Verrell: 34c.
Michael Dent (London) for additional special assistance. Jane Parker for the index. Copyright Jim Henson Productions, Inc. Zefa: 56cr; K. & H. Bensor 19bcl.
photography. Dr. Gerald Legg, Jeremy Adams, Kermit the Frog is a trademark of
and John Cooper of the Booth Museum Illustrations Joanna Cameron Jim Henson Productions, Inc. AP Wideworld: 65tr, 66cr, 68br
(Brighton); the British Dendrobates Group; All rights reserved: 52tr. Alan Hills (c) The British Museum 64c
Peter Foulsham of the British Herpetological Picture credits Image Bank: Al Satterwhite 21br. Corbis: Bettman Collection 64c; Michael &
Supply; Ken Haines; David Bird, Myles Harris, t=top, b=bottom, c=center, 1=left, r=right Kobal Collection: 34bc. Patricia Fogden 70tr; Robert Holmes 69bc;
Fiona MacLean, and Robert Stephens of Poole Zdenek Berger: 8tc. Mike Linley: 13tr, 17bl, 17cl, 20bcl, 32tcl, Eric and David Hosking 64bl; Joe McDonald
Aquarium; Regent Reptiles; Biofotos: Heather Angel 23tl, 35br, 37tl; Brian 32bcl, 32cr, 32bl, 33bc, 36tcl, 54t. 66cl, 67tr; Tom Stewart 68cl
the Reptile-arium; and Roger Wilson of the Rio Rogers 37tcr. Musée Nationale d’Histoire Images courtesy of the Detroit Zoologlical
Bravo Field Studies Centre (Belize), for Prof. Edmund D. Brodie Jr.: 16bcr, 17bcr, Naturelle: 8tr, 9tl. Institute/National Amphibian Conservation
providing species information and specimens for 36bc, 47cr, 49c, 49bl, 56c. C.W. Myers, American Museum of
photography. The staff of the British Museum Dr. Barry Clarke: 20bcl, 23tc, 50cl. Natural History: 57tcl, 57cl, 60bl, 60bc. Center: 69tr, 69c
(especially Lesley Fiton, Catharine Harvey, Bruce Coleman Ltd: John Anthony 61tr; Motoring Picture Library, National NHPA: Daniel Heuclin 65br
Sarah Jones, Richard Parkinson, Peter Ray, and Jane Burton 16tr; Jack Dermid 16tcr, 49cb; Motor Museum at Beaulieu: 6tl. Illustrations by Jeremy Canceko: 67
James Robinson), and the Natural History Michael Fogden 36bcl, 37bcr, 61cr; Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet: 8c.
Museum (especially Ann Datta, Dr. Angela Jeff Foott 60cr; A.J. Stevens 55tl, 55cl. NHPA: ANT 44tr, 61bl; Stephen Dalton Jacket images: Front: DK Images: Michael
Milner, and Tim Parmenter) for their research Dorling Kindersley: Frank Greenaway 38tl, 25cl, 27bl; Jany Sauvanet: 29cr, 46cb. Dent/Alan Plank (tl). Nature Picture Library
help. Doris Dent and Alan Plank for providing 38tr, 38b, 39tr, 39cr; Colin Keates 8b, 9tc, 9tr; Oxford Scientific Films: Kathie Atkinson Ltd: Hans Christoph Kappel (b). Back: DK
props for photography. Alex and Nicola Dave King 11tl; Karl Shone 7tr; Kim Taylor 13tl, 13tc; Jim Frazier 13r; Michael Fogden Images: Geoff Brightling/Booth Museum
Baskerville, and Amy Clarke as photographic and Jane Burton 39cl, 39b; Jerry Young 12tr, 22tcr, 51tc, 51c; Z. Leszczynski 7cl. of Natural History, Brighton (tl).
2