Page 30 - All About History - Issue 53-17

Spies That Won WWII

ROGER LANDES ‘TOMMY’

YEO-THOMAS
The betrayed agent who got his revenge
After working with Claude de Baissac, Roger The super-spy who inspired James Bond
Landes took over the Scientist network,
though was forced to escape into Spain when Yeo-Thomas, who was code-named White Rabbit by the Gestapo, was
betrayed by French Resistance leader André parachuted into France three times before eventually being captured and
Grandclement. In the UK he was suspected of tortured. He was taken to Buchenwald concentration camp but managed to
being a turncoat, though was found innocent escape. Once, while on a train in France, he engaged in conversation with Klaus
and returned to France to help rebuild the Barbie, the notorious Nazi known as the ‘Butcher of Lyon’. Like Bond, he is said
network ahead of the D-Day operations. Once to have employed a number of techniques to escape his enemies — including
on the ground the Resistance leaders dispatched jumping from a train, strangling a guard, wearing disguises and riding in a
Grandclement and Landes was lumbered with hearse — and is also said to have been a hit with women. He went on to win
the unenviable job of killing Grandclement’s wife. the George Cross.

LEO MARKS FRANCIS SUTTILL

The SEO’s chief cryptographer The network mastermind betrayed at the last minute

Conscripted in January 1942, Marks trained as a cryptographer and went on to Francis Suttill was chosen to establish and run the
join the SOE (Special Operations Executive), rather than joining colleagues at Prosper network based in Paris and his list of successful
Bletchley Park. He briefed a clutch of SOE agents sent into occupied Europe, missions included the sabotage of the Chaingy power
including Noor Inayat-Khan as well as the Grouse/Swallow team of saboteurs station, the destruction of 1,000 litres of petrol
sent to destroy Hitler’s heavy water facility in Norway. and a clutch of attacks on goods trains running the
Marks recognised that there were some serious defects in the existing Orleans-Paris line. He also founded a safe house at
cipher system and so set about working with agents on memorising the School of National Agriculture at Grignon, which
unpublished and memorable poems. He was also credited with reinventing has been cited as one of the most important SOE
the one-time pad, whereby agent and home office held the only two copies of houses in France. The collapse of the Prosper network
pads of random letters used to communicate, which the agent destroyed after was a tragedy in which hundreds of SOE agents and
its initial use. Resistance fighters were swiftly betrayed and captured.

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The Czech soldiers who gave their life in Operation Anthropoid

These two soldiers in the Czechoslovak army-in-exile on 4 June. Hitler was absolutely furious at what had
worked under SOE instruction in Operation Anthropoid, happened, and ordered immediate reprisals, which
which led to the assassination of SS Obergruppenführer included the Lidice Massacre where a whole village was
Reinhard Heydrich in Prague during May 1942. The destroyed. Despite their brutal retaliation, the Nazis
mission was the only successful assassination of a were unable to find the perpetrators until resistance
senior Nazi officer during World War II, although it fighter Karel Čurda turned himself in to the Gestapo
proved a pyrrhic victory, prompting terrible SS reprisals and betrayed the team’s local contacts. Following
conducted against civilians in the region. a vicious manhunt characterised by brutal Gestapo
Jozef Gabčík and Jan Kubiš were among a number interrogation techniques, Kubiš, Gabčík and the other
of troops parachuted into Czechoslovakia. They met parachutists were eventually besieged in the Sts. Cyril
with anti-Nazi sympathisers and, after planning and and Methodius Cathedral in Prague. Here they died,
aborting a number of assassination missions, settled either during the ferocious gunfight or via suicide as
on an ambush of Heydrich’s car. On the morning of 27 the Nazis closed in.
May, as Heydrich approached, Gabčík stepped in front
of the car and opened fire with his British-issued Sten
sub-machine gun, which jammed, allowing Heydrich
to return fire with his pistol. Kubiš then launched an
explosive at the car, fragments of which ripped through
the bumper, embedding shrapnel in Heydrich’s left-
hand side. The gunfight continued before Gabčík and
Kubiš made their escape. Jan Kubiš, whose
The assassins presumed their attack had failed. explosive went on
to kill Heydrich
Heydrich, however, succumbed to his wounds and died
Heydrich’s Mercedes
after the attack
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