Page 616 - First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2020, Thirtieth edition [MedicalBooksVN.com]_Neat

572 sEctiON iii Psychiatry ` Psychiatry—PharMacology Psychiatry ` Psychiatry—PharMacology

` Psychiatry—PharMacology

Psychotherapy
Behavioral therapy Teaches patients how to identify and change maladaptive behaviors or reactions to stimuli.
Examples include systematic desensitization for treatment of phobia.
Cognitive behavioral Teaches patients to recognize distortions in their thought processes, develop constructive coping
therapy skills, and  maladaptive coping behaviors Ž greater emotional control and tolerance of distress.
Examples include recognizing triggers for alcohol consumption.
Dialectical behavioral Designed for use in borderline personality disorder, but can be used in other psychiatric conditions
therapy as well (eg, depression).
Interpersonal therapy Focused on improving interpersonal relationships and communication skills.
Supportive therapy Utilizes empathy to help individuals during a time of hardship to maintain optimism or hope.

Preferred medications Psychiatric coNDitioN PrEFErrED DrUgs
for selected ADHD Stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines)
psychiatric conditions
Alcohol withdrawal Benzodiazepines (eg, chlordiazepoxide,
lorazepam, diazepam)

Bipolar disorder Lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine,
lamotrigine, atypical antipsychotics
Bulimia nervosa SSRIs
Depression SSRIs
Generalized anxiety disorder SSRIs, SNRIs
Obsessive-compulsive disorder SSRIs, venlafaxine, clomipramine

Panic disorder SSRIs, venlafaxine, benzodiazepines
PTSD SSRIs, venlafaxine
Schizophrenia Atypical antipsychotics
Social anxiety disorder SSRIs, venlafaxine
Performance only: β-blockers, benzodiazepines
Tourette syndrome Antipsychotics (eg, fluphenazine, risperidone),
tetrabenazine

Central nervous system Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine.
stimulants

MEchaNisM  catecholamines in the synaptic cleft, especially norepinephrine and dopamine.
cliNical UsE ADHD, narcolepsy, binge-eating disorder.
aDVErsE EFFEcts Nervousness, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, anorexia, tachycardia, hypertension, weight loss, tics,
bruxism.

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