Page 561 - The City and Guilds Textbook: Plumbing Book 1 for the Level 3 Apprenticeship (9189), Level 2 Technical Certificate (8202) and Level 2 Diploma (6035)

SANITATION SYSTEMS CHAPTER 9

INTRODUCTION

Some 200 years ago, waste water and sewage simply ran down the centre of streets and alleys. These were
open sewers breeding disease that, on many occasions, caused severe illness and death. Today, the effluent we
produce is directed safely away from our homes by a network of pipes called sanitation systems.
In this chapter, we will investigate domestic sanitation systems. We will look at the many different sanitary
appliances available and the systems of above-ground sanitation pipework they are connected to, which
ensure hygienic living conditions in our homes and in the surrounding environment.
By the end of this chapter, you will have knowledge and understanding of the following:
● sanitary pipework and appliances used in dwellings
● installing sanitary appliances and connecting pipework systems
● service and maintenance requirements for sanitary appliances and connecting pipework systems
● the principles of grey water recycling.

1 SANITARY PIPEWORK AND

APPLIANCES USED IN DWELLINGS

Types of sanitary pipework system

Without the system of pipework to take waste solids and liquids away from the
dwelling, sanitary conditions within buildings would not be hygienic and could
potentially be damaging to our health.

In this first part of this chapter, we will look at the various systems of sanitary
pipework, often called above-ground discharge systems (AGDS), and investigate
where these systems should be installed. The systems are:
● primary ventilated stack system
● ventilated branch discharge system
● secondary ventilated stack system
● stub stack.
All sanitary systems contain two sections:

1 The soil pipe: also known as the soil stack, this is the lower, wet part of the
system, which takes the effluent away from the building. KEY POINT
2 The vent pipe: also known as the vent stack, this is the upper part of the
system that introduces air into the system to help prevent loss of trap seal. Together, the two
sections are referred to
Ventilation of a soil and waste system is necessary to prevent water seals in as the soil and vent pipe.
traps being broken due to negative pressure or pressure fluctuations within

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