Page 161 - APPLIED PROCESS DESIGN FOR CHEMICAL AND PETROCHEMICAL PLANTS, Volume 1, 3rd Edition

Table 2-22
Cameron Hydraulic Data"

Friction losses in pipes carrying water Friction Losses In Pipe; C = 100
Among the many empirical formulae for friction losses that have yg Inch
been proposed that of Williams and Hazen has been most widely
used. In a convenient form it reads: STANDARD WT STEEL EXTRA STRONG STEEL
(100)1.ss q1·s 5 in which FLOW I
f = .208:1 - --- f = friction head 111 ft of liquid per
C d4·8666 100 ft of pipe (if desired in lb per us .269" inside dia .215' inside dia
iia1
sq in. multiply f X .433 X sp gr) per ----------·-·--.....--
d = inside dia of pipe in inches min Velocity Velocity Head loss Velocity Velocity Head loss
ft per 100 ft
q = flow in gal per min ft per sec bead ft ft per 100 ft ft per sec head ft ----
C = constant accounting for surface 0-1 .565 .00 1-75 .884 .01 6-21
roughness 0.2 1.13 .02 6-31 1. 77 .05 18.8
This formula gives accurate values only when the kinematic 0-3 1.69 .04 13.4 2.65 .11 3p
6 -7
viscosity of the liquid is about 1.1 centistokes or :H.5 SSU, which 0-4 2.26 .08 22.8 3.54 .19 102
34-4
4.42
.12
2.83
0-5
.30
is the case with water at about 60F. But the viscosity of water varies -
with the temperature from 1.8 at 32F Lo .29 centistokes at 2l 2F. 0-6 3.39 .18 48.2 5.32 .44 147
.61
191
3.95
64-1
6.29
.24
0-7
The tables are therefore subject to this error which may increase 0-8 4.a2 .32 82-0 7.08 . 78 244
the friction loss as much as 20% at 32F and decrease it as much as 0-9 5.08 .40 102 7.96 .98
20% at 212F. Note that the tables may be used for any liquid 1-0 5.65 .50 124 8.84 1.21 ffl
having a viscosity of the same order as indicated above. ;1Inch
Values of C for various types of pipe are given below together
with the corresponding multiplier which should apply to the tabu-
lated values of the head loss, f, as given on pages 29 to 48. FLOW STANDARD WT STEEL EXTRA STRONG STEEL
us .364• inside dia .302• inside dia
�al
per
min Velocity Velocity I Head loss Velocity Velocity Head loss
VALUES OF C ft per sec head ft ft per 100 ft ft per sec. head ft ft per 100 ft
Range Average Commonly 0-4 1. 23 .02 5.22 1. 79 .05 13-0
value used 0-6 1. 85 .05 11-1 2.69 .11 27-4
High= for value for o.8 2.47 .O? 18-8 3.59 .20 46-7
TYPE OF PIPE hest, good, design 1.0 3.08 .15 28-5 4.48 .31 70-6
smooth, clean, purposes 1.2 3. 71 .21 39.9 5.38 .45 98-9
well laid new
pipe 1-i 4.33 .29 53.0 6.27 .61 132
Low= 1. 4.94 .38 67-9 7.17 .BO 168
poor or 1.8 5.55 .48 84.4 8.07 1.01 20'}
corroded 2-0 6.17 .59 103 8.96 l.25 254
Cement-Asbestos......................................... 160-140 15() t:� 2.6 7.71 .92 155 11.2 1.95 386
Fibre....................................................... 150
Bitumastic-enamel-lined iron or steel centrifugally applied.. 160-130 148 140 �Inch
Cement-lined iron or steel centrifugally applied............ __ 150
__ , __ � 1 4�0 __
Copper, brass, lead, tin or glass pipe and tubing ::-:-:-; 150-120 140 130 STANDARD WT STEEL i>XTR.A STRONG STEEi,
Wood-stave , , , . , 145--110- 120 · �- l--1,..,l"'O __ FLOW
Welded and seamless steel. .°. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150-80- -i"40 100
Continuous-interior riveted steel (no projecting rivets or us .493" inside dia .423' inside dia
joints , .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 100 gal -------------
Wrought-iron .......•... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150-80 130 100 per
Vclocily
Head loss
Head loss
Velocity
� r t-iron.d :........................................... 11540- 5 -8800 113300 mg mln ft per sec Velocily ft per 100 ft ft per sec Velocity ft per 100 ft
head ft
head ft
.
ar.coate cast-iron
Girth-riveted steel {projecting rivets in girth seams only) --- 130- �- 0-8 1.35 .03 4-30 1.83 .05
Concrete ..... , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152-85 120 100 1.0 1. 68 .04 6-50 2.28 .OB u·ITT
Full-riveted steel (projecting rivets in girth and horizontal 1-6 2.52 .10 13.8 3.43 .18 L6
seams) , .. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 100 2-0 3.36 .IS 23-4 4.57 .32
Vitrified... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 100 2-6 4.21 .28 35.4 5. 71 .51 1d
Spiral-riveted steel (flow with lap).......................... 110 100
Spiral-riveted steel (flow against lap)....................... - -WO- 90 3-0 6.05 .40 :9-6 6.85 . 73 105
6.0
Corrugated steel � --- ---W --60-- 3-5 6.89 .54 84.6 8.00 .99 139
9.14
6.73
4-0
.70
1.30
Value of c, , , 150 1140 1130 1120 1110 1100 I I I I 60 6-0 10.1 1.10 m 11.4 2.0 f8
69
8.41
80
90
70
m
6.0
.Multiplicrtocorrecttables., 47 .G4 .62 .71 .84 1.0 1.22 1.58 1.93 U7 1.58 13. 7 2.9
*Ry permission G. V. Shaw and A. W. Loomis C:mn.ermi Hydraulic Data, 11 th Edition, Ingersoll-Rand Co., 1942 [531.