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544                      Applied  Process  Design for Chemical  and  Petrochemical  Plants

            Richter,  S.  H.,  "Size  Relief Systems  for Two-Phase Flow," Hydro.   Siwek, R., "Dust Explosion Venting for Dusts Pneumatically Con-
              Proc., V.  87, No.  7,  1978,  p.  145.              veyed into Vessels," Ibid., p.  129.
            Valdes,  E.  C.  and  Svoboda,  K.  J.,  "Estimating  Relief Loads  for   Senecal,]. A.,  "Deflagration Suppression of  High K.t Dusts," Ibid,
              Thermally Blocked-in Liquids,"  Chem.  Eng.,  Sept.  1985,  p.  77.   r-  147.
            'Nong,  W.  W.,  "Safer Relief-Valve  Sizing,"  Chem.  Eng., V.  96,  No.   Bruderer,  R.  E.,  "Ignition Properties  of Mechanical  Sparks  and
              5,  1989,  p.  137.                                  Hot Surfaces in Dust-Air Mixtures," Ibid.,  p.  152.
            Bagster,  D.  F.  and  Pitblado,  R.  M.,  "Thermal  Hazards  in  the   Britton, L.  G.  and Kirby,  D. C.,  "Analysis ofa Dust Deflagration,"
              Process Industry,"  Chem. Eng.  Prog., V.  85, No.  7,  1989,  p.  69.   tu«, p.  177.
            Leite,  0.  C.,  "Smokeless,  Efficient,  Nontoxic  Flaring,"  Hydro.   Singh, J.,  "Sizing  Relief Vents  for  Runaway  Reactions,"  Chem.
              Proc., V.  70, No.  3,  1991, p.  77.                Eng.  V.  97, No.  8,  1990,  p.  104.
            Tomforhrde, J.  H.,  "Design  for Process  Safety," Hydro.  Proc.,  V.   Roussakis, N. and Lapp, K.,  "A Comprehensive Test Method for
              64, No.  12,  1985, p.  71.                          Inline  Flame Arrestors,"  Plant/Operations Prog.,  V.  10,  No.  2,
            Leung, J.  C.,  Stepaniuk,  N. j.,  and Can  tress,  G.  L.,  "Emergency   1991, p.  85.
              Relief Considerations  Under Segregation  Scenarios,"  Plant/   Piotrowski,  T.  C.,  "Specification  of Flame Arresting Devices for
              Operations Prog., V.  8, No.  1, p.  3.              Manifolded Low Pressure Tanks," Ibid.,  p.  102.
            Cholin, J.,  "The  Current State of the Art in Optical  Fire  Detec-   Singh,J.  and McBride, M.,  "Successfully Model Complex Chem-
              tion," Plant/Operations Prog., V.  8, No.  1, 1989, p.  12.   ical Hazard Scenarios,"  Chem.  Eng.  Prog., V.  86,  No.  10,  1990,
            Fauske, H.  K,  Grolmes,  M.  A.  and Clare,  G.  H.,  "Process  Safety   P·  71.
              Evaluation  Applying  DIERS  Methodology  to  Existing  Plant   Lesins, V.  and Moritz, J. J.,  "Develop Realistic Safety Procedures
              Operations," Plant/Operations Prog.  V.  8, No.  1, 1989,  p.  19.   for Pilot Plants," Chem.  Eng.  Prog., V.  87,  No.  I, 1991, p.  39.
            Martinsen, W.  E.,Johnson, D. W., and Millsap,  S.  B.,  "Determin-   Prugh, R. W., "Quantify BLEVE Hazards," Chem. Eng.  Prog., V.  87,
              ing Spacing by Radiant Heat Limits," Plant/Operations Prog., V.   No.  2,  1991, p.  66.
              8, No.  I, 1989,  p.  25.                           Englund,  S.  M.,  "Design  and  Operate  Plants  for Inherent Safe-
            First,  K.  E.  and Huff, J.  E.,  "Design Charts  for Two-Phase Flash-   ty," Part I-March and Part 2-May,  Chern.  Eng.  Prog., V.  87, No.  3
              ing Flow in  Emergency Pressure Relief  Systems," Plant/Opera-   and No. 5,  1991.
              tions Prog., V.  8, No.  1,  1989,  p.  40.         Britton, L.,  "Spontaneous  Fires in Insulation," Plant.  Eng.  Prog.,
            Howard, W.  B.,  "Process Safety Technology and the Responsibil-   V.10,No.  l, 1991,p.27.
              ity of  Industry,"  Chem.  Eng.  Prog., V.  84, No.  9,  1988,  p.  25.   Duswalt, A.  A.,  "Experimental Errors  in Predictions of Thermal
            Monk, D., "The Fine Art of  Safety Audits," Chem.  Eng.  Prog.  V.  84,   Hazards," Ibid.,  p.  55.
              No.  9,  1988,  p.  34.
            Yao, C.,  "Early Suppression Fast Response Sprinkler Systems," V.   Palmer,  K. N., Dust Explosions and Fires,  Chapman and Hall, 1973.
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              84, No.  9,  1988,  p.  38.                          ASME,  1979.
            Huff,J. E.,  "Frontiers in Pressure Relief System Design," Ibid.,  p.
              44.                                                 Buschmann, C.H., Editor,  Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in
            Godbey,  T.,  "Brace Your Plant Against A Dust Explosion,"  Chem.   the Process Industries,  Proc.  of First International  Loss  Preven-
              Eng.  V.  98, No.  4,  1991, p.  130.                 tion  Syrn.,  Hague/Delft,  the  Netherlands,  Elsevier Scientific
            Freeman, R. A., "CCPS Guidelines for Chemical Process Quanti-   Pub.  Co.,  1974.
              tative Risk  Analysis," Plant/Operations Prog.,  V.  9,  No.  4,  1990,   Gleim, E. J.  and Marcy, J.  F., A Study  to Determine Factors  Causing
              p.  231.                                             Pressure  Piling  in  Testing  Explosion-Proof  Enclosures,  RI.  4904,
            Levy,  L.  B.  and Penrod, J.  D.,  "The Anatomy of an Acrylic Acid   U.S.  Bureau of Mines.
              Runaway  Polymerization," Plant/Operations Prog., V.  8,  No.  2,   A Report on a Flare Efficiency Study,  prepared for Chemical Manu-
              1989, p.  105.                                        facturers Association,  1983.
            Fauske,  H.  K,  "Emergency  Relief System  Design  for  Reactive   Gordon,  H.  S.  and  Mascone,  C.  F.,  "How  Safe  is  Your  Plant,"
              and  Non-Reactive  Systems:  Extension of the DIERS  Method-   Chem.  Eng:, V.  95, No. 5,  1988,  p.  52.
              ology," Plant/Operations Prog., V.  7, No.  3,  1988,  p.  153.   Swift,  I.,  "Designing  Explosion  Vents  Easily  and  Accurately,"
            Swift,  I., "Developments in  Explosion  Protection," Ibid.,  p.  159.   Chem.  Eng.,  Ibid,  p.  65.
            Freeman,  R.  A.  and  Shaw,  D.  A.,  "Sizing  Excess  Flow  Valves,"   Frankland,  P.  B.,  "Relief Valves  ...  What Needs  Protection?",
              Ibid., p.  176.                                       Hydro.  Proc., V.  57,  No. 4,  1978  p.  189.
            Kirch, L.  S., Magee,J.  \V., and Stuper,  W.W., "Application of the   Barfknecht,  W.,  "Ignition  Capabilities  of  Hot  Surfaces  and
              DIERS  Methodology  to  the  Study  of Runaway  Polymeriza-   Mechanically  Generated  Sparks  in  Flammable  Gas  and
              tion," Plant/Operations Prog., V.  9, No.  1, 1990,  p.  11.   Dust/  Air Mixtures," Plant/Operations Prog., V.  7, No. 2, 1988,  p.
            Bowman, J.  W.  and  Perkins,  R.  P.,  "Preventing  Fires  with  High   114.
              Temperature Vaporizers," Ibid,  p.  39.             Bodurtha,  F.  T., Jr.,  "Vent Heights  for  Emergency  Releases  of
            Tamanini,  F.,  "Turbulence  Effects  on  Dust Explosion Venting,"   Heavy Gases," Ibid.,  p.  122.
              Ibid,  p.  52.                                      Wong, W.  Y.,  "Size Relief  Valves More Accurately,"  Chern. Eng., V.
            Fauske,  H.  K.,  "Preventing Explosions  During  Chemicals  and   99, No.  6,  1992,  p.  163.
              Materials  Storage," Plant/Operations Prog.,  V.  8,  No.  4,  1989,   Britton, L. G. and Clem, H. G.,  "Include Safely in Insulation Sys-
              p.  181.                                              Lem Selection,"  Chern.  Eng.  Prog., V.  87, No.  11, 1991, p.  87.
            Sullivan,  H.  C.,  "Safety  and Loss Prevention  Concerns for Engi-   Ranada,  S.  M.,  "Improving Sizing for Relief Systems," Hydrocar-
              neers in Polymer Facilities," Ibid., p.  195.         bon Processing, V.  73, No.  7,  1994,  p.  83.
            van Wingerden, C.J., van den Berg and Opschoor,  "Vapor Cloud   Pratt, T.  H., "Static Electricity in Pneumatic Transport Systems,"
              Explosion  Blast Prediction," Ibid,  p.  234.         Process Safety Progress,  V.  13, No.  3,  1994,  p.  109.
            Hoenig,  S.  A.,  "Reducing  the  Hazards  of  Dust  Explosions,"   Britton,  L.  G.,  "Loss Case Histories  in Pressurized  Ethylene Sys-
              Plant/Operations Prog., V.  8,  No.  3,  1989, p.  119.   tems," Process Safety Progress,  V.  13, No.  3,  1994,  p.  128.
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