Page 83 - English for Writing Research Papers

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S1. *All samples were collected at the same time (9 AM) every day to prevent any effects of
possible circadian variation and then stored after treatment at 4°C until assay.
S2. All samples were collected at the same time (9 AM) every day to prevent any effects of
possible circadian variation. They were then stored after treatment at 4°C until assay.

In S1 readers initially think that the and clause is going to introduce a second pre-
vention. Readers then have to revise their perception when they realize that and
actually introduces the next step. S2 resolves this initial ambiguity by beginning a
new sentence to highlight that the author is now talking about a different step. Here
are two more examples that illustrate the same point.

original version (ov) revised version (rv)
Seeds, sterilized for 3 min in NaOCl The seeds were sterilized for 3 min in NaOCl
(1% available chlorine) and rinsed (1% available chlorine), and rinsed with distilled
with distilled water, were germinated water. They were then germinated on moist fi lter
on moist fi lter paper (Whatman No. 2) paper (Whatman No. 2) in Petri dishes
in Petri dishes and grown in the dark and grown in the dark at 23°C.
at 23°C.
At the beginning we performed 2D At the beginning we performed 2D and 3D
and 3D forward modeling of a medium forward modeling of a medium where only the
where only the lithological dis- lithological discontinuities were taken into
continuities were taken into account account. We then compared the apparent
and compared the apparent synthetic synthetic resistivity and phase curves with our
resistivity and phase curves with our experimental data.
experimental data.

as well as is used similarly to and to add some additional information. It is often
used as an alternative to and when the sentence might otherwise contain too many
ands and would thus confuse the reader. If using as well as will create a very long
sentence, it is best to break the sentence. However you cannot begin the new sen-
tence with as well as . Instead you have to repeat some part of the previous sentence,
as in the two RVs below:

original version (ov) revised version (rv)
This finding could be explained (1) This finding could be explained by the

by the specific properties of gold, specific properties of gold, silver and

silver and platinum as well as by platinum. Another explanation could
the conditions in which these metals be the conditions …
were found, for example silver (2) … silver and platinum. The conditions in
was found in …
which these metals were found could also be
an explanation . For example, …