Page 10 - Modul A+1 Kimia Tingkatan 5

10. Sumber alternatif hidrokarbon:/ Alternative sources of hydrocarbons:
(a) Tenaga solar / Solar energy
(b) Tenaga nuklear / Nuclear energy
(c) Biodiesel daripada minyak sawit
Biodiesel from palm oil
(d) Bioetanol daripada tebu atau jagung
Bioethanol from sugar cane or corn
(e) Biogas (50% metana) daripada haiwan dan tumbuhan.
Biogas (50% methane) from animals and plants.

©PAN ASIA PUBLICATIONS
A KTIVITI 2.1 Bab 2

Eksperimen Wajib Mengkaji penyulingan berperingkat petroleum.
Tujuan/Aim:
To investigate the fractional distillation of petroleum.
Bahan/Materials:
Petroleum, kapas
Petroleum, cotton
Radas/ Apparatus:
Kertas turas, silinder penyukat, kaki retort, termometer (0 °C − 360 °C), kelalang dasar bulat, kelalang kon,
tabung uji, kondenser Liebig, kasa dawai, tungku kaki tiga, mangkuk penyejat, serpihan porselin, bongkah
kayu, penunu Bunsen
Filter paper, retort stand, thermometer (0 °C − 360 °C), round bottom flask, conical flask, test tube, Liebig condenser, wire
gauze, tripod stand, test tubes, evaporating dish, porcelain chips, wooden block, Bunsen burner

Prosedur/ Procedure:

Termometer
Thermometer

Air keluar
Water out Kondenser Liebig
Liebig condenser

Petroleum
Petroleum
Air masuk
Serpihan Water in
porselin
Porcelain Kelalang
chips dasar bulat Hasil sulingan
Panaskan Round-bottom Distillate
Heat flask Bongkah kayu
Wooden block
Rajah/Diagram 2.2
3
1. 50 cm petroleum disukat dan dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang dasar bulat.
50 cm petroleum is measured and poured into a round bottom flask.
3
2. Satu spatula serpihan porselin ditambahkan ke dalam kelalang dasar bulat.
One spatula of porcelain chips is added into the round bottom flask.
3. Susunkan radas seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah 2.2 disediakan.
The set-up of apparatus as shown in Diagram 2.2 is prepared.
4. Petroleum dipanaskan secara perlahan-lahan dan pecahan petroleum dikumpulkan di dalam empat
tabung tabung uji berasingan yang dilabelkan 1, 2, 3 dan 4 pada julat suhu 30 °C − 80 °C, 80 °C − 120 °C,
120 °C − 160 °C dan 160 °C − 200 °C.
The petroleum is heated gently and the fractions of petroleum are collected into four separate test tubes labelled as
1, 2, 3, and 4 at a temperature range of 30 °C − 80 °C, 80 °C − 120 °C, 120 °C − 160 °C and 160 °C − 200 °C.
5. Warna dan kelikatan setiap pecahan petroleum yang dikumpulkan diperhatikan dan direkodkan.
The colour and viscosity of each fraction of petroleum collected is observed and recorded.
6. Sedikit kapas diletakkan ke dalam mangkuk penyejat.
Some cotton is placed into an evaporating dish.

65