Page 11 - Modul A+1 Kimia Tingkatan 5

7. Beberapa titik pecahan petroleum yang dikumpul di dalam tabung uji dititiskan pada kapas di dalam mangkuk
penyejat.
A few drops of the petroleum fraction collected in the test tube are placed onto the cotton in the evaporating dish.
8. Kapas dibakar. Warna nyalaan dan kuantiti jelaga diperhatikan dengan meletakkan kertas turas di atas nyalaan.
The cotton is ignited. The colour of the flame and the quantity of soot are observed by placing a filter paper above
the flame.
9. Langkah 6 hingga 8 diulang untuk pecahan petroleum yang dikumpul di dalam tabung uji 2, 3 dan 4.
Steps 6 to 8 are repeated for petroleum fractions collected in test tubes 2, 3 and 4.
10. Pemerhatian direkodkan.
The observations are recorded.
Keputusan/ Results: TP 3
o
Warna
Tabung uji Boiling point ( C) Colour Kelikatan Kebolehbakaran Kejelagaan
Takat didih ( C)
©PAN ASIA PUBLICATIONS
Sootiness
Flammability
Viscosity
Test tube
Bab 2
o
1 30 – 80 Kuning pucat Cair Mudah terbakar. Tiada
Pale yellow Runny Easily burned. None
Kuning Agak cair Agak mudah terbakar. Sedikit
2 80 – 120
Yellow Fairly runny Quite easily burned. A little
Kuning gelap Agak likat Sukar terbakar. Sedikit
3 120 – 160
Dark yellow Fairly viscous Hard to burn. A little
Perang Likat Sangat sukar terbakar. Banyak
4 160 – 200
Brown Viscous Very hard to burn. Large quantity
Mentafsir data/ Interpreting data: TP 5
gelap
1. Apabila takat didih meningkat, warna pecahan petroleum semakin , kelikatan pecahan
meningkat sukar
petroleum semakin , pecahan petroleum semakin terbakar dan
banyak
nyalaan menghasilkan semakin jelaga.
When the boiling temperature increases, the colour of the fractions becomes darker , the viscosity
of the fractions increases , the fraction becomes difficult to burn and the flame produce
more soot.

mengelakkan percikan
2. Serpihan porselin dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang dasar bulat bagi
ketika petroleum dipanaskan pada suhu yang tinggi.
The porcelain chips are added into the round bottom flask to prevent splashing when the petroleum
is heated at a high temperature.

2.2 Siri Homolog Buku Teks
Homologous Series m.s. 71-79

A Menerangkan Siri Homolog
Explain Homologous Series
1. Siri homolog ialah kumpulan sebatian organik yang mempunyai formula am , sifat kimia
dan kumpulan berfungsi yang sama. TP 1

A homologous series is a group of organic compounds that have the same general formula , chemical properties and
functional group .

2. Ciri-ciri siri homolog:/ Characteristics of the homologous series: TP 2
(a) Setiap ahli mempunyai formula am yang sama.
Each member has the same general formula .
(b) Ahli yang berturutan berbeza sebanyak satu atom karbon dan dua atom hidrogen .
Consecutive members differ by one carbon atom and two hydrogen atoms.

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