Page 32 - 2010-2022 hose manufactureing ability and guide

Fibers Used in Hose

Common Name Composition General Properties

Aramid Meta-Aramid Exceptional heat resistance with low shrinkage.

Aramid Para-Aramid Exceptional strength with low elongation. High heat

resistance.

Cotton Natural cellulose Natural vegetable fiber used in hose. Gains strength with

increased moisture content. Requires protection against
chemical and fungal activity.

Glass Glass Very high strength compared to other fibers. Low
elongation; mainly used in high temperature applications.

Nylon Polyamide High strength and elongation with good resistance to
abrasion, fatigue, and impact. Low moisture absorption and
excellent moisture stability. High resistance to fungal
activity.

Polyester Polyester High strength, good resistance to abrasion, fatigue, and
impact. Low moisture absorption and excellent moisture
stability. High resistance to fungal activity.

PVA Polyvinyl alcohol High strength, low shrinkage and good chemical resistance.

Rayon Regenerated cellulose Similar to cotton in chemical and fungal resistance.

Moisture absorption higher than cotton. Dry strength is
substantially greater than cotton. Strength is reduced with

increased moisture content but retains a wet strength level
above cotton.

FABRICS Leno weave is used mainly where the fabric
Textile fabrics used as reinforcement in must be distorted in the hose as in certain types
hose construction provide the strength to of curved hose. Leno also provides a means for
achieve the desired resistance to internal better adhesion than other patterns. Woven
pressure or to provide resistance to collapse, or Cord, Figure 1-10, is a special type of hose
both. reinforcement. The warp cords are strong while
the filling yarn is very fine and merely holds the
The properties of a fabric depend on the cords in position. This is often called “tire cord”
construction and the material from which the because this type of construction is commonly
yarn is made and on the type of weave used. used in reinforcing tires. Woven cord provides
One common hose fabric is woven from strength in one direction only. When woven
warp yarns, which run lengthwise, and filling cord is used, a minimum of two layers are
yarns, which run cross-wise. Usually they are applied in alternate directions.
woven at right angles to each other. The most To adhere to the tube and cover of the hose,
common weave is known as “plain weave”, the fabric must be rubberized. The fabric is
Figure 1-6. Notice that the warp and filling either frictioned or coated with a thin layer of
yarns cross each other alternately. This is done rubber. Before rubberizing, some fabrics are
on a relatively simple loom. Other weaves used, treated with liquid adhesive.
though to a lesser degree, are twill, Figure 1-7;
basket weave, Figure 1-8; and leno, Figure 1-9.

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