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Women in Malaysian Islamist Politics 189

7 In my use of the term ‘ gure’, I take inspiration from the work of Joshua Barker,
Erik Harms, and Johan Lindquist, who de ne it as ‘someone whom others recognise as
standing out and who encourages re exive contemplation about the world in which the
gure lives’ (2014: 2–3). Figures, in this approach, are not social types. ey refer to real
people and situations, even if they extend beyond speci c individuals.
8 Nuridah Salleh was (re-)elected as the head of Muslimat PAS in 2015. In GE14 she
contested, unsuccessfully, the parliamentary seat of Sungai Buloh, Selangor.
9 Among a total of 2,333 candidates elded for state and parliamentary seats in GE14,
251 were women (10.76 per cent). BN elded 92 women (out of 727), PH elded 85
(out of 660), and Warisan elded 9 (out of 61). Shares ranged between 6 per cent (PAS)
and 15 per cent (Warisan) ( e Borneo Post 2018).
10 e election results con rmed the status of Kelantan and Terengganu as PAS
strongholds. Few people outside PAS predicted this outcome. Most pollsters and
political analysts thought that the ‘three-way battle’ among PAS, BN, and PH would
be closer. Take, for example, Mohamed Nawab Mohamed Osman’s assessment of the
situation in Kelantan: Mohamed Nawab 2018.
11 Dr Lo’ Lo’ pioneered the strategy of making free medical services part of the
campaign. See Zaireeni Azmi 2016: 125.
12 See, e.g., Badrul Hisham 2018; Malaysiakini 2018. I write ‘modest’ because big
rallies featured in GE14, as well, particularly in urban areas.
13 See, e.g., Raghavan 2018. For other examples, see the brief portraits in Wolf 2017:
xviii, xx, xxii–xxiii.

References
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Badrul Hisham Ismail. 2018. ‘No Big Rallies in GE14, Personal Touch Strategy to
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