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282 Index

United Examinations Certi cate (UEC), Universiti Bangsar Utama (UBU), 132
158 University and University Colleges Act
United Malays National Organisation (UUCA, 1971), 132, 138
(UMNO), 1, 3–4, 7, 17, 20–1, 33, urbanisation in Malaysia, 52
35, 38–9, 41–3, 49, 53–8, 61, 63–4, urban Malay votes, competing for,
73, 78–9, 84–5, 103, 105, 119, 199–206
133, 135–7, 143–4, 150–2, 154–9, urban–rural divide, 79
171, 173, 175–6, 184, 187, 192–7, ustaz (religious teachers), 192, 195,
200–7, 230–1, 234–7, 241–2, 247, 199–201, 203
250, 254, 260–1 Utusan Malaysia, 126, 154
2015 crisis for, 89
Anwar Ibrahim’s sacking from, 83 Vision 2020 policy, 64, 90–1
collapse of, 44, 94, 98 Voice of the Malaysian People, see Suara
electoral dominance, 45 Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM)
elite fragmentation and party splits, voluntary interethnic cooperation, 78
56 volunteer-management software, 124
elite struggles leading to the vote-banks, 38
formation of ‘UMNO Baru’ voter age groups and proportion, 28
(New UMNO), 83 Voter Awareness Movement, see Gerakan
formation of, 45 Pengundi Sedar (GPS)
fractious struggle in, 90 voter-registration, 20, 257
Geng Ustaz Turun Padang, 201 voter turnout, 24, 87, 139
leadership of, 46 by age group, 25
Malay-Muslim ethnocrats from, 162 vote-splitting, among opposition
membership-registration, 137 supporters, 42
past splits, 45–8 voting patterns, in East-coast, 98–101
power struggle against Najib Razak, voting patterns, in Malay-majority seats,
18 52–6
Reformasi (reformation) movement, 47 composition of voters, 55
religious wing of, 149 by margin of votes, 55
Semangat ’46, 62 by percentage, 55
support to PAS-proposed urban-rural factors, 56
parliamentary initiative, 66 voting patterns, in Peninsular Malaysia
Ulama Congress, 175 among minority groups, 9
United Nations’ Convention on by generation, 28–9
the Elimination of All Forms of by major ethnic groups, 24–7
Discrimination against Women Malay-majority districts, 38
(CEDAW), 182 Undi Rosak/Spoilt Votes Movement,
United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun 29
Murut Organisation (UPKO), 11n1, voter turnout in GE14, 24
35, 103, 142 voting patterns, in Sabah, 34–7
United Sabah National Organisation electoral geography of, 34
(USNO), 48 ethnic background, 34

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