Page 1428 - (ISC)² CISSP Certified Information Systems Security Professional Official Study Guide

bringing a database table into compliance with normal forms is

known as normalization.
Although a number of normal forms exist, the three most common

are first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third
normal form (3NF). Each of these forms adds requirements to
reduce redundancy in the tables, eliminating misplaced data and
performing a number of other housekeeping tasks. The normal
forms are cumulative; in other words, to be in 2NF, a table must

first be 1NF compliant. Before making a table 3NF compliant, it
must first be in 2NF.

The details of normalizing a database table are beyond the scope of
the CISSP exam, but several web resources can help you
understand the requirements of the normal forms in greater detail.
For example, refer to the article “Database Normalization
Explained in Simple English”:

https://www.essentialsql.com/get-ready-to-learn-sql-database-

normalization-explained-in-simple-english/

SQL provides the complete functionality necessary for administrators,
developers, and end users to interact with the database. In fact, the
graphical database interfaces popular today merely wrap some extra
bells and whistles around a standard SQL interface to the DBMS. SQL
itself is divided into two distinct components: the Data Definition
Language (DDL), which allows for the creation and modification of the
database’s structure (known as the schema), and the Data
Manipulation Language (DML), which allows users to interact with the

data contained within that schema.

Database Transactions

Relational databases support the explicit and implicit use of
transactions to ensure data integrity. Each transaction is a discrete set
of SQL instructions that will either succeed or fail as a group. It’s not

possible for one part of a transaction to succeed while another part
fails. Consider the example of a transfer between two accounts at a
bank. You might use the following SQL code to first add $250 to