Page 68 - TGfU & Mini Game Flip Book

52 TGfU & MINI GAME

achievement of TGfU in accuracy, was parallel with
previous research (Nevett et al., 2001).. This finding
supports the TGfU model as suitable pedagogical in
coaching context to improve accuracy of scoring goals
and suitable playing in turf hockey

5.4 Pulse-rate and Cardiovascular Fitness

However for the measurement pulse-rate recovery
pattern before warming-up, immediately after seven
minutes mini game play and three (3) minutes recovery
after the mini game play indicated there was no
significant difference between TGfU and TM. This may
be due to the intensity and volume of activities no
difference between these two models.

However for cardiovascular respond, there was
significant improvement by TGfU group compared to
TM, TGfU group recorded V0 max of 43.9ml/kg/min or
2
reaching (M/SD: 9.27/1.27) in level and stage in bleep
test compared to TM with V0 max of 37.2 ml/kg/min or
2
at (M/SD: 7.42/.79) in bleep test. This indicated the TGfU
model have reached above average level based on norms
set at 42.7 V0 Max max by (Leger and Lambert, 1982;
2
Mackenzie, 1999). Whereas the TM was below average
level in term of V0 max of cardiovascular fitness based
2
on norms (Leger & Lambert, 1983; Mackenzie, 1999).
The TGfU model with mini game situation activities
such 2 vs. 2 or 1 vs. 2 able upgrade players
cardiovascular abilities This finding contra with earlier
findings of Ghosh, Goswami, Majumdar & Mathur (1991)
using n = 25 junior hockey players (18±0.6 years) mean
heart rate during full hockey match was 143.4±15.3 and
V0 max 53.8 ml/kg/min. High intensity game using
2