Page 75 - NAVAL SCIENCE 3 TEXTBOOK

80 :\'AVAL KNOWLEDGE

Separations from the Service STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS
As mentioned carlier, separation from the military service by award 1. \'Vhy must discipline be handled in a consistent manner?
of court-milrtial is considered all extremely severe pUllishment. A
2. \Vhilt is the basic difterence between arrest and restriction?
bad conduct discharge may be awarded by either a special court-
3. \ VllO may place otlenders on report, and under whnt
martial or general court-mnrtial; a dishonornble discharge may be
circllmstnllces?
awarded only by a genernl court-miutial.
Less severe separations from the service, howevcr, mar be 4. \ Vhat is the purpose of the executive onker's screening mnst?
administered ill speci,ll cases under the UC;vlJ and other legisla- 5. \Vhat five judgment possibilities exist for the commanding
tion and statutes established by Congress. Officers may have their olllcer after hearing a mast case?
commissions revokcd prior to the time they complete three con- 6. \Vhat are the three types of courts-martial, in ascending order
tinuous successful renrs of commissioned service. This may be for of seriousness?
disciplinary reasons or for other 0\1erriding needs of the service.
7. \ Vhat is unique abollt the tasks of a summaf)' court officer?
Regular N.lVY officers holding permanent commissions may be
8. \ Vhat are the duties of the convening authority concerning a
discharged if their performance is adjudged unsntisfactory at any
court-martial?
timc prior to completion of twenty years of service. Lieutenants
(junior grade) and lieutellilllis are subject to discharge if they twice 9. \Vhat are the tasks of a military judge if assigned to a four-
person special court?
fail selection for promotion. An officer facing disciplinary action
mny submit a resignation from the service; separation will be 10. \ Vhat are the court duties of the trial and defense counsels?
effected if the resignation is accepted by the secretary of the Navy. II. \ Vhal is a peremptor), challenge?
The "character" of the discharge from the navnl service is veq'
12. \ Vhen maya general courl~ mi.Ut ii.l1 try civilians?
important. The separation Illily be "under honorable conditions"
13. \ Vhat punishments may be awarded by a general
or "under conditions other than honorable." The character of the
court -martial?
discharge represents the opinion of the Navy concerning the cir-
cumstances of the separation. This character is very important 14. \Vhat is the purpose of a court-martial revie,\'?
in connection with veterans' benefits sllch as G.t. 13i1l education, 15. How does the military review of <l court-martial compare with
reemployment rights, and pensions. Further, many employers a civilian appeal?
are inclined 10 refuse employment to persons who have an infe- 16. \Vhat are the functions of the Court of Military Review ilnd
rior type of separation from the armed forces. ~'Iost large employ~ lhe Court of Militar)' Appcals?
ers .. md professional schools inquire searchingly into nrmed forces 17. \Vhen are service personnel subject to civil law?
experience and the dmracter of the separation received. The)' often
18. What two kinds of adverse discharges ma)' be awarded b)'
prevent entry into their company or school if the conditions are
call rts-mart ial?
other than honorable.
Administrative sepnrntiolls ,,,ith either character of discharge
are also legally permissible under certain conditions. Brandly
grouped under a heading of "undesirable," such conditions include
incompatibility with service life, educational level and potential
below-minimum standards (which precludes advancement to
higher pay grade), persistent irresponsibility in finn llciill manage-
ment (which tends to bring discredit upon the Navy), and immoral
standards of conduct evidenced by drug lise or alcohol abuse, t:1il-
lire to pny just debts, repetitive sexually transmitted disease illfec-
tions, or other abnormnl social behavior.