Page 17 - NS-2 Textbook

10 MARITIME HISTORY

tory gained it many new possessions, the main one in 1588 Spanish Armada defeated
North America being Canada. 1607 Jamestown colony established
Whatever may have been happening among the su- 1756-{)3 French and Indian War
perpowers, throughout this period of nearly two cen-
turies the colonies existing in a thin strip of cultivated
land on the East Coast of North America did so only be-
cause of the sea. It was across the Atlantic Ocean that all Study Guide Questions
of the settlers had come, bringing with them only the
1. What is meant by a nation's sea pO"\,\Ter?
bare necessities of life and their Old World traditions.
2. A. How did navies start?
And it was across this same ocean that additional
B. What was their purpose?
colonists, livestock, and hardware came, to sustain and
3. What was the major type of warship used in ancient
expand what the hardy first folk had begnn. The sea
times?
provided them with an industry, particularly in New
4. Why did ancient Crete develop into the first sea
England, where they soon discovered some of the richest
power in the Mediterranean?
fishing grounds in the world. Virginians used the sea to
5. How did the Phoenicians contribute to Western
send large quantities of tobacco to the Old World, which
culture?
had taken an almost instant liking to it. Within and
6. Which great Middle Eastern empire was the main
among the colonies, the Inland rivers and coastal waters
enemy of ancient Greece?
became waterborne highways. On these highways the
7. What was King Xerxes' invasion plan against
products of inland regions were traded for imported
Greece?
goods and sent on their way to the larger coastal com-
8. What was the Greek plan of battle at the Battle of
munities and then overseas, primarily to England.
Salamis?
Born of the sea, maintained by the sea, and enriched
9. A. Who followed the Greeks as the leader in West-
by the sea, England's American colonies had grown in
ern culture?
population to more than 1.5 million people by 1760. By
B. Which COlliltry was their principal enemy during
1775, they had grown to 2.5 million. American seamen
their rise to power?
and American-built ships made up about one-third of the
C. What were the wars between these countries
entire English merchant marine. With the Treaty of Paris
called?
in 1763, the war in North America between France and
10. What two sea battles won the Mediterranean for
England ended. England was supreme, and its navy and
Rome after Caesar's death?
merchant fleets controlled the world's seas ...
11. What is the period of westem European history from
the fall of Rome until about the eleventh centmy
often called?
12. A. Which of the Italian states became a great com-
CRITICAL THINKING mercial and naval power during the Crusades?
B. How did it do this?
1. Describe the main factors that influenced whether a
C. What organization of ports dominated the trade
country developed into a sea power in the ancient
of northern Europe at the same time?
Mediterranean until the demise of the Roman Empire
13. What happened in 1571 to end the threat of control
in 476 A.D.
of the Mediterranean by the Moors?
2. Research and describe the mercantile theory and its pro-
14. What happened by the time of the Battle of Lepanto
ponents during the Age of Discovery in Europe.
that caused the Mediterranean to decline as the cen-
ter of 'world maritime interest?
15. Which country led the way to the Age of Discovery
with early explorations around Africa?
Chronology
16. What changes occurred in Spain as a result of the
2500-1200 B.C. Crete dominates Mediterranean discovery of the Americas?
1200 B.C. Trojan War 17. Which country rose to oppose Spain as the leading
480 B.C. Battle of Salamis sea power in the sixteenth century?
275 B.C. Rome conquers Italy 18. For what purpose did the Spanish Armada sail in 1588?
31 B.C. Battle of Actium 19. A. Which country challenged English colonialism in
476 Last Roman emperor deposed North America first?
1095 First Crusade B. What was the outcome of these wars in America?
1492 Columbus discovers Anlerica 20. What was the main result of the French and Indian
1571 Battle of Lepanto War in America?