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496 Cardio Diabetes Medicine 2017

per mL, to improve glycemic control in adults with merck_and_pfizer_announce_two_pivotal_phase_3_studies_for_ertug-li-
type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with basal flozin_an_investigational_sglt_2_inhibitor_met_primary_endpoints_show-
insulin. The rate of hypoglycemia with IDegLira was ing_significant_a1c_reductions_in_patients_with_type_2_diabetes. Ac-
cessed July 12, 2016.
lower than that with insulin degludec alone and the
rate of gastrointestinal side effects was lower than 3. Arthur T. Sands1⇑, Brian P. Zambrowicz1, Julio Rosenstock2, Pablo Lapuer-
ta1, Bruce W. Bode3, Satish K. Garg4, John B. Buse5, Phillip Banks1,
with liraglutidealone.Common adverse events report- Rubina Heptulla6, Marc Rendell7, William T. Cefalu8 and Paul Strumph1;
ed during the trials included nasopharyngitis, head- Sotagliflozin, a Dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 Inhibitor, as Adjunct Therapy to
ache, nausea, diarrhea, increased lipase, and upper Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015 Jul; 38(7): 1181-1188.
respiratory tract infection. 6 4. ChristophKapitza , KirstenDahlJacob B. JacobsenMads B. AxelsenAnne-
Flint . Effects of semaglutide on beta cell function and glycaemic control
Smart’ insulinsor glucose-responsive insulins are be- in participants with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, place-
ing designed to only turn on when they’re needed bo-controlled trial. Diabetologia; August 2017, Volume 60, Issue 8, pp
and off when they’re not. These insulins could en- 1390–1399
sure perfect glucose control throughout any given 5. Ahrén B, Leguizamo Dimas A, Miossec P, Saubadu S, Aronson R (2013)
day automatically without any untoward events of Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once-daily morning or evening injections
hypoglycemia. Smart insulin (also known as adap- in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin (GetGoal-M).
tive insulin, smart insulin patch, or MK-2640-001 Diabetes Care 36:2543–2550
(Merck)) is a promising and experimental type of in- 6. Stephen CL Gough,Rajeev Jain,and Vincent C WooInsulin degludec/liraglu-
sulin that automatically manages blood sugars and tide (IDegLira) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Expert Rev Endocri-
nolMetab. 2016 Jan 2; 11(1): 7–19. Published online 2015 Nov 18. doi:
keeps them in the normal range primarily in type 1ns 10.1586/17446651.2016.1113129
sometimes in type 2 diabetes without fear of hypo-
glycemia. Though Glucose responsive insulin (GRI),
is a promising treatment option, the research is in
its infancy - in many cases, human testing of smart
insulin is not scheduled for several years.

Conclusion
Ertugliflozin is a novel highly selective SGLT-2 inhib-
itor that has shown to provide reductions in fasting
blood glucose, A1c, weight, and blood pressure.
Ertugliflozin 15 mg in combination sitagliptin 100 mg
provides greater reductions in weight and fasting
blood glucose levels.
Oral GLP 1 agonist semaglutide shows promising re-
sult in reduction of FPG, A1C and body weight.
Sotagliflozin , dual inhibitor of SGLT1 and 2 shows
better glycemic control with less GIT side effects.
Combination insulins like iGlarLixi and IDegLira,
where insulin is combined with Lixisenatide and Li-
raglutidein atitratable fixed-ratio combination show
improved efficacy and comparable or improved safe-
ty outcomes relative to its separate constituents, of-
fering an alternative approach to intensification of
therapy in T2D.

Reference
1. Sicree R, Shaw J, Zimmet P. Prevalence and projections. In: Gan D (ed.).
Diabetes Atlas International Diabetes Federation, 3rd edn. International
Diabetes Federation, Brussels, Belgium, 2006; 16–104.
2. Pfizer Merck and Pfizer announce two pivotal phase 3 studies for ertug-
liflozin, an investigational SGLT-2 inhibitor, met primary endpoints, show-
ing significant A1C reductions in patients with type 2 diabetes. Jul 11,
2016. Available at: www.pfizer.com/news/press-release/press-release-tail/

GCDC 2017