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Diabetes And Hypertension-Common Soil Hypothesis 39

Reducing Salt (Sodium) intake
Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)
Aim for less than 3-5 grams per day. However, the diet is an eating plan, rich in fruits, vegetables,
daily average salt consumption in Indian scenario is whole grains, fish, poultry, nuts, legumes, and low-
8-9 grams per day. fat dairy. These foods are high in key nutrients such
as potassium, magnesium, calcium, fibre and pro-
Ways to reduce sodium intake
tein. The DASH diet can lower blood pressure be-
• Food items without added salts cause it has less salt and sugar.
• Unsalted nuts, seeds, beans 4-5 servings of fruits and vegetables / 6-8 servings
of whole grain / saturated fat 6% of total calories /
• Avoid adding salt and canned vegetables to home- total cholesterol of <150 mg/day
made dishes
WEIGHT REDUCTION The prevention and correction
• Unsalted and sodium free, fat-free broths and of overweight /obesity (BMI > 25) is a prudent way
soups of reducing the risk of hypertension and indirectly
• Use fresh poultry, lean meat and fish. coronary artery disease; it goes with dietary changes.
Loss of weight by 1kg decreases BP by approximately
• Rinse canned foods to reduce sodium. 1mm Hg.
• Low sodium, low fat cheeses
EXERCISE PROMOTION
• Add spices and herbs to enhance taste
Physical activity
• Add fresh lemon juice instead of salt to fresh veg-
etable salad F : Frequency - atleast Five days per week
I : Intensity- Moderate
Additional Benefits of Moderate Sodium T : Time - 30-45 minutes
Reduction
T : Type - Cardiorespiratory Activity Walking, jog
• Improvement in large artery compliance (Gates ging- Cycling
et al., 2004)
• Enhancement of efficacy of antihypertensive Non-competitive swimming
drugs (Slagman et al., 2011; Aziza et al., 2013
Exercise should be prescribed as an adjunctive to
• Reduction of diuretic -induced potassium loss pharmacological therapy
(Ram et al., 1981)
• Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (Rodri- BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES
guez et al., 2011) Reduction of stress, cessation of smoking, moder-
• Reduction in proteinuria (Agarwal, 2012) ation of alcohol drinking, modification of personal
• Reduction in urine calcium excretion (Carbone et life-style, yoga and transcendental meditation could
al., 2003) be beneficial.
• Decrease in osteoporosis (Martini et al., 2000) SELF-CARE
• Decreased prevalence of stomach cancer (Fock
et al., 2008) In order to overcome the limitations of the office
blood pressure (OBP) measurement, two methods
• Decreased prevalence of stroke (Joos- are widely used in clinical practice
sens&Kesteloot, 2008)
1. Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (HBPM)
• Decreased prevalence of cataract (Cumming et
al., 2000) 2. 24 hours Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
• Protection against onset of hypertension (Whell- (ABPM)
ton PK, 2014) The patient is taught about self-care, i.e., Home Blood
Table:1 Pressure Monitoring and keep a log-book of his BP
readings. 24 hours ABP monitoring is a precise meth-
Know what to eat od to quantify blood pressure levels and to diagnose
hypertension and also it is used as a marker of CV
morbidity and mortality.

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