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620 The Role of Lifestyle Modification in The Prevention of
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease

As per the RSSDI recommendations, a ‘cardio-protective diet’ should include the following:

Higher amounts of the following to be consumed:
Leafy vegetables, coarse grains, vegetable salads, sprouted grams and other food items rich in anti-oxidants
and fibre

Moderate amounts of the following to be consumed:

Low fat milk and milk products, vegetable oils with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyun-
saturated fatty acids (PUFA),
Flesh foods such as fish, chicken without skin, white of the
egg and artificial sweeteners

The following items are to be avoided / restricted :
Sugar, Saturated fats

Foods that are refined, processed, salt-rich, cholesterol-rich and deep-fried
Polished rice

High fructose corn syrup
Alcohol

Total dietary salt intake should be reduced (<5g/day) in population at high risk of hypertension.

Misra and colleagues put forward “Consensus dietary guidelines for healthy living and preven-
tion of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and related disorders in Asian Indians.”

These guidelines recommend the following–

 Reduction in the intake of carbohydrates,

 Preferential intake of complex carbohydrates and low glycemic index foods,

 Higher intake of fiber,

 Lower intake of saturated fats,

 Optimal ratio of essential fatty acids, reduction in trans fatty acids,

 Slightly higher protein intake,

 Lower intake of salt, and

 Restricted intake of sugar.
On alcohol consumption, the Indian Consensus Guideline points out that most of the studies that recommend
a limited consumption of alcohol have been done in the Caucasian white population. Therefore whether the
same inferences could be applied to the Indian subjects is not clear, as Indians already have a high preva-
lence of fatty liver.
Individuals with elevated serum triglycerides of 500 mg/dl or more, and those with significant liver dysfunc-
tion should not consume alcohol.

GCDC 2017