Page 643 - fbkCardioDiabetes_2017

Cardio Diabetes Medicine 2017 619

Fats Total fat intake should not exceed 35% of total energy intake.
Overweight individuals need to consume fats as < 30% of energy intake, to aid
weight loss.

Cholesterol intake should be less than 300mg/day and is to be reduced further if
LDL-C is high.
Intake of n-3 fatty acids is recommended.
Oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids may provide 10-20% of total energy, con-
sidering that the total fat intake does not exceed 35%.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids may constitute up to 10% of total energy intake.
Saturated and trans-unsaturated fatty acids should be <10% of energy intake. If
LDL-C is elevated, an intake of <8% may be beneficial.
Trans fat intake should be very minimal and should be <1% of total energy intake
and where consumed, it should be from natural sources and not of industrial origin.

Vegetables, fruits Should be part of the diet consumed.
legumes, and
wholegrain cereals

Dietary fibre Intake of fibre should be about 40 g/day, that is about 20 g/1000 Kcal/day. Half
of this should be soluble fibre.
Eating ≥5 servings of fibre-rich vegetables or fruit every day and eating ≥4 servings
of legumes per week will provide the minimum requirements for fibre intake.
Cereals consumed should be whole-grain with high fibre content.

Alcohol Moderate amount of alcohol intake is associated with a lower risk of CVD, in indi-
viduals with and without diabetes, when compared with non-drinkers (teetotalers)
and heavy drinkers.

Alcohol consumption should not exceed two glasses per day (20g/day) for men
and one glass per day (10g/day) for women

Coffee Drinking > 4 cups of coffee per day is associated with a lower risk of CVD in those
with DM. However, boiled coffee without filtering should be avoided as it raises
LDL-C levels.

Cardio Diabetes Medicine