Page 368 - Critical Care Nursing Demystified

Chapter 7 CARE OF THE PATIENT WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERS 353

CORRECT ANSWERS AND RATIONALES

1. B and C. Thyroid replacement medication needs to be taken after a thyroidectomy.
Physical symptoms of lethargy, dry skin, and intolerance to cold may signal the need
for a higher dosage of medication. Some nonaspirin OTC meds are allowable for dis-
comfort, such as acetaminophen.
2. C. Use the following equation to calculate the correct administration amount:
x = unknown/10 U = 1 mL/100 U
Then cross-multiply 100 × units = 10 U × 1 mL = 10/100.
Divide both sides by 100 to solve for x = 10/100. Result = 0.1 mL.
3. A, B, and D. Diabetes insipidus has an abrupt onset of polyuria, polydipsia, dry skin and
mucous membranes, tachycardia, and hypotension. Diagnostic studies reveal a low
urine specific gravity and osmolality and an elevated serum sodium level. The serum
potassium level will be decreased, not increased.
4. B and D. The body is in a hypometabolic state when a person is hypothyroid and has
symptoms of subnormal body temperature, constipation, and bradycardia.
5. A, C, and D. Graves’ disease is a state of hypermetabolic hyperthyroidism and has symp-
toms of a rapid, bounding pulse; tremors; nervousness; and heat intolerance.
6. D. With the transphenoidal approach, an incision is made in the inner aspect of the
upper lip and gingiva. The sella turcica is entered through the floor of the nose and
sphenoid sinuses. Downloaded by [ Faculty of Nursing, Chiangmai University 5.62.158.117] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission.
7. A. Since an overproduction of GH causes acromegaly, the purpose of medication ther-
apy is to reduce the GH levels of production and secretion.
8. A, B, D, and E. Alcohol consumption, missed meals, and strenuous activity can cause
hypoglycemia. Signs of hypoglycemia include headache, confusion, shakiness, and cir-
cumoral tingling sensations. Hypoglycemia is not harmless. It can result in seizures and
death of brain cells if untreated.
9. C and E. PTH regulates the calcium and phosphorous electrolytes. The other electro-
lytes are not controlled or affected by the parathyroid hormone.
10. A, C, D, and E. SIADH is an excessive release of ADH with symptoms of water reten-
tion, edema, oliguria, and weight gain. Successful treatment should result in a loss of
weight, increased urine output, and a decrease in urine concentration or osmolality.