Page 448 - Clinical Application of Mechanical Ventilation

414 Chapter 12

13. The following electrolyte values are collected from a patient with severe sepsis who has been on a
mechanical ventilator for 2 weeks. Which of the following electrolytes is out of normal range?

Electrolyte Value (mEq/L)

A. Na 1 138
B. K 1 1.5

C. Cl 2 105
D. HCO - 25
3

14. In replacing fluids to a volume-depleted patient, it is not safe to administer fluids that have no sodium
because _______ movement of sodium-free fluid into the brain and kidney cells may cause _______ of
these organs.
A. rapid, swelling C. slow, swelling
B. rapid, dehydration D. slow, dehydration

15. Decreased muscle function, flattened T wave and depressed ST segment on the electrocardiogram, and
diminished bowel sounds are some signs of:

A. hyperkalemia. C. hypernatremia.
B. hypokalemia. D. hyponatremia.

16. Proper nutrition is essential to patients receiving mechanical ventilation because undernutrition can cause:
A. increased surfactant production. B. improved pulmonary function.
C. increased metabolic rate. D. fatigue of respiratory muscles.

17. A diet consisting of low carbohydrate and high fat is more suitable for ventilator patients because _______
generates more calories per gram and produces less _______.
A. fat, CO C. carbohydrate, CO 2
2
B. fat, O D. carbohydrate, O 2
2

18. The total energy expenditure (TEE) is _______ than the resting energy expenditure (REE) because TEE
_______ accounts for patient factors such as activity, trauma, and infection.

A. higher, does C. lower, does
B. higher, does not D. lower, does not

19. Mr. Howe, a 70-kg patient with ARDS, is being mechanically ventilated at a SIMV frequency of
12/min and tidal volume of 600 mL. Over a period of 8 hours, the peak inspiratory and plateau pressures
have increased to 66 and 45 mm Hg, respectively. The attending physician asks a therapist to suggest
changes to minimize the effects of rising airway pressures. The therapist should recommend initiation of:
A. ventilation with low frequency.
B. ventilation with low tidal volume.
C. tracheal gas insufflation.
D. prone positioning.

Copyright 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.